考虑车体弹性的轨道车辆多吸振器减振方法  

Vibration Reduction Method of Multiple Dynamic Vibration Absorbers Considering Vehicle Body Elasticity

作　　者：祁慧 文永蓬[1,2] 纪忠辉 QI Hui;WEN Yongpeng;JI Zhonghui(School of Urban Railway Transportation,Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai,201620,China;State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu,610031,China)

机构地区：[1]上海工程技术大学城市轨道交通学院,上海201620 [2]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《振动．测试与诊断》2021年第6期1155-1163,1239,1240,共11页Journal of Vibration,Measurement & Diagnosis

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(11472176);上海市自然科学基金资助项目(15ZR1419200);牵引动力国家重点实验室开放课题资助项目(TPL2103)。

摘　　要：针对轨道车辆车体各位置振动情况差异明显特点,以及刚性频段、弹性频段的减振存在宽频减振需求,建立了含多吸振器的弹性车体模型,提出了评价轨道车辆多吸振器减振指标。探讨了单吸振器在抑制车体垂向振动时存在的局限性,提出了基于轨道车辆弹性车体模型的多吸振器设计步骤,形成了能够同时抑制弹性振动与刚性振动的多吸振器设计方法,明确了多吸振器的优越性,并利用Sperling平稳性指标对多吸振器减振效果进行验证。结果表明:综合多频段、全车长的轨道车辆多吸振器减振指标能够有效地评价车体吸振器的减振效果;相比单吸振器,多吸振器能同时兼顾刚性频段和弹性频段,而且分散质量分布,对车下空闲体积要求更小,具有更好的优越性。该工作对抑制城市轨道车辆的垂向振动、提高车辆乘坐舒适性有一定参考价值。Aiming at the obvious difference of the vibration of each position of the rail vehicle body,and the vibration damping requirement of the rigid frequency band and the elastic frequency band,the elastic vehicle body model with multi-vibration absorber is established,and the evaluation of multi-vibrator damping of the rail vehicle is proposed.The limitations of the single vibration absorber in suppressing the vertical vibration of the vehicle body are discussed.The design steps of the multi-vibrator based on the elastic vehicle body model of the rail vehicle are proposed,and a multi-vibrator design method capable of simultaneously suppressing the elastic vibration and the rigid vibration is formed.Furthermore,the superiority of the multi-vibrator is clarified.Finally,the Sperling stationarity index is used to verify the damping effect of the multi-vibrator.The results show that the multi-band,full-length rail vehicle multi-vibrator damping index can effectively evaluate the vibration-absorbing effect of the vehicle body absorber;compared with the single-vibrator,the multi-vibrator can simultaneously consider both the rigid frequency band and the elastic frequency band.Moreover,the distributed mass distribution has fewer requirements for the free space under the car and has better superiority.The work of the thesis has certain reference value for restraining the vertical vibration of urban rail vehicles and improving the ride comfort of vehicles.

关 键 词：多吸振器 弹性车体 垂向振动 轨道车辆多吸振器减振指标 Sperling平稳性指标 

分 类 号：U260.331.5[机械工程—车辆工程] U270.1[交通运输工程—载运工具运用工程]