“申请-考核”制考什么:学术型博士生核心能力的建构与诠释——基于42所一流大学建设高校招生文本分析  

What Should Be Tested in the“Application-Assessment”System:The Construction and Interpretation of Academic Doctoral Students’Core Competence:Based on the Analysis of the Admission Text of 42 First-Class Universities of the World

作　　者：张娟 杨冬 ZHANG Juan;YANG Dong(Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学教育研究院,北京100084

出　　处：《中国高教研究》2021年第12期49-56,共8页China Higher Education Research

摘　　要："申请-考核"制已发展为我国高校博士生招生的主流通用制度,明确"入口端"的博士生核心能力是选拔高质量博士生候选人的基础和关键。以42所一流大学建设高校的2021年博士生"申请-考核"制招生政策文本为分析对象,利用Nvivo 11采用扎根理论建构了学术型博士生的核心能力框架。结论表明:整体上,学术型博士生的核心能力框架包含3个维度、5种核心素养以及29个基本要求。其中,专深和通用知识是基础,政治态度与学术志趣是导向,科研能力和创新潜力是核心。这对未来学术型博士生招生的启示有:第一,指标化的研究能力并非评价的唯一与绝对标准,学术型博士生招生应注重学术志趣、品格和潜力等软实力考核;第二,合作研究是学术创新的重要内驱力,应重视博士生的合作能力考核;第三,跨学科人才培养是趋势,应加强博士生的跨学科能力考核。The"application-assessment"system has become the general method of the admission of doctoral students in China.It is necessary to figure out the core competence in the doctoral entrance examination to select high-quality doctoral students.This study analyzes the 2021"application-assessment"enrollment policy text of 42 first-class universities of the world,using an analysis software,Nvivo 11,based on the grounded theory to construct the core competence framework of academic doctoral students.In conclusion,the core competency framework of academic doctoral students includes 3 dimensions,5 core literacy and 29 basic requirements.Specifically,professional and general knowledge is the foundation,political attitude,academic interest and ambition are the directions,and scientific research ability and innovation potential are the core.The enlightenment for future academic doctoral student enrollment lies in:First,quantitative indexes are not the only and absolute criterion to evaluate research ability,while more attention should be paid on soft power assessment of academic interest,character and potential;Second,cooperative research is an important internal motivation to academic innovation,thus the evaluation of cooperation ability of doctoral students should be emphasized;Third,the evaluation of interdisciplinary ability of doctoral students should be strengthened as the training of interdisciplinary talents is a trend.

关 键 词：博士生教育 “申请-考核”制 学术型博士生 核心能力 学术创新人才 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学]