叙事在何种意义上可能是美的?  

In What Sense Can Narrative Be Beautiful?

作　　者：包向飞[1] 姚璇[1] BAO Xiang-fei;YAO Xuan(Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学外国语言文学学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期99-107,共9页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：叙事形态的普遍化和叙事载体的多样化使叙事的内涵和外延都得到极大地拓展,叙事不再囿于传统的文学范围。无论从消极的还是积极的角度来看,带有目的的"挑选"是人类在叙事中都无法回避的。相比之下,审美无利害(无目的的美)一直或明或暗地属于西方美学的核心内涵。由此,就叙事所必然关涉的既定目的来说,叙事与美似乎是背道而驰的。这一对立清晰地表现在两种迥然相异的叙事上:一方面,以同一性、强制性和封闭性为特征的"宏大叙事"必然有违无利害的审美;另一方面,深陷资本主义利害的"任意叙事"也很难与审美兼容。经过辨析,美并非与一切叙事相悖。"倾听式叙事"不同于宏大叙事和任意叙事,它作为不预先设定目的却能实现真正交流和理解的"对话",具有内在规定性,故此它契合了美的"无目的的合目的性"。The universalization of narrative forms and the diversification of narrative carriers have greatly enriched the connotations and denotations of narrative,and thus narrative is no longer confined to the traditional literary scope.In narrative,“selection” with purposes is unavoidable for human beings,either from a negative or a positive perspective.In contrast,aesthetic disinterestedness(beauty without any purpose) has always,explicitly or implicitly,belonged to the core of Western aesthetics.Therefore,in terms of the predetermined purpose that narrative must involve,narrative is contrary to beauty.The contradiction between narrative and beauty is clearly manifested in two very different narratives:on the one hand,the “grand narrative” characterized by identity,coercion,and closure is bound to violate the disinterested aesthetics;on the other hand,the “arbitrary narrative” deeply trapped in capitalism?s interest is hardly compatible with aesthetics.According to our analysis,beauty does not contradict all narratives.Different from grand narrative and arbitrary narrative,“narrative of listening” is a “dialogue” that does not set a purpose but can achieve true communication and understanding.Furthermore,“narrative of listening” is inherently prescriptive,which is in line with the “purposiveness without purpose” of beauty.

关 键 词：叙事 审美无利害 倾听哲学 

分 类 号：I01[文学—文学理论]