心理学视角下的道德损伤  

Moral injury: A review from the perspective of psychology

作　　者：艾攀 戴艳[1] AI Pan;DAI Yan(School of Psychology,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610068,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学心理学院,成都610068

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2022年第1期168-178,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

摘　　要：道德损伤是指个体实施、未能阻止、目睹或听闻违背自身深层的道德信念和期望的行为,对心理、生理、精神、行为和社会的持久影响。道德损伤作为一个跨学科概念,自2009年Litz从心理学角度对其重新做出界定以来,在心理学、伦理学、精神病学、社会学等领域引起了广泛关注。目前研究者已经编制出多个多维度量表来对道德损伤的事件或症状进行测量,运用认知行为疗法、认知加工疗法和针对道德损伤研发的适当暴露疗法等措施来进行干预。未来的研究可以继续深入探究道德损伤的发生发展机制,确立道德损伤的诊断标准,推广道德损伤的适用范围,丰富道德损伤的内涵,从而拓展道德损伤研究的广度和深度。Moral injury refers to the long-lasting psychological, biological, spiritual, behavioral and social impact on an individual after the exposure to morally injurious events, which entail “perpetrating, failing to prevent, bearing witness to, or learning about acts that transgress deeply held moral beliefs and expectations”. Since Litz et al.(2009) redefined this concept from the perspective of psychology, moral injury has attracted extensive attention in the fields of psychology, ethics, psychiatry, and sociology. At present, researchers have developed a number of multi-dimensional scales to measure the events or symptoms of moral injury and have used cognitive behavior therapy, cognitive processing therapy,mindfulness therapies, and adaptive disclosure therapy based on CBT developed specifically for moral injury to intervene. Future researches can continue to explore the mechanism of moral injury further,establish the diagnostic criteria of moral injury, widen the application of moral injury, and enrich the connotation of moral injury, so as to improve the breadth and depth of researches on moral injury.

关 键 词：道德损伤 心理学视角 产生机制 测量工具 干预措施 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]