上下级之间应该存在何种关系?上下级关系图式  

What characteristics should the supervisor–subordinate relationship have?The supervisor–subordinate relational schema

作　　者：代毓芳 张向前[2] 郑文智[1] DAI Yufang;ZHANG Xiangqian;ZHENG Wenzhi(School of Management,Huaqiao University,Quanzhou 362021,China;Human Resource Management Research Center,Huaqiao University,Quanzhou 362021,China)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学工商管理学院 [2]华侨大学人力资源管理研究中心,福建泉州362021

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2022年第1期216-229,共14页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：2020年度中国人才研究会课题(面向2035年我国青年科技人才激励机制研究,课题编号:ZRH-2007);华侨大学研究生科研创新能力培育项目(18011120001)。

摘　　要：以往上下级关系研究大多聚焦于关系的实然特征,缺乏对关系应有特征或模式的探讨。上下级关系图式是个体对上下级之间关系应有模式或特征的内隐认知,这种内隐认知有助于揭示上级与下属之间的互动过程,并为促进上级和下属的积极心理与行为提供理论启示。经过对文献的系统梳理,将上下级关系图式与内隐关系理论、追随力认知图式、关系自我和关系认同等概念进行区分。个体传统性和现代性、依恋风格、领导行为以及文化因素能够预测上下级关系图式;上下级关系图式能影响领导的态度与行为、下属忠诚、下属工作绩效、角色外行为、领导评价(道德领导)以及上下级关系评价;移情的社会认知模型、泛家族主义、社会学习理论、信息加工理论解释了上下级关系图式的前因后果。未来可以从识别预测因素、拓展后果研究以及挖掘作用机制等方面推动上下级关系图式的研究。Most research on the relationship between supervisors and subordinates focuses on the actual characteristics of the relationship but lacks discussion on the implicit characteristics or patterns of the relationship. The supervisor–subordinate relational schema is an individual’s implicit cognition of the pattern or characteristics of the relationship between supervisors and subordinates. The relational schema helps reveal the interaction process between supervisors and subordinates and provides theoretical guidance on how to promote the positive psychology and behaviors of supervisors and subordinates. Based on a systematic review of the literature, this paper distinguishes the supervisor–subordinate relational schema from the implicit theories of relationships, followership schema, relational self, and relational identity.Individual traditionality and modernity, attachment style, leadership behavior, and cultural factors can predict the supervisor–subordinate relational schema. This relational schema can influence a leader’s attitude and behavior and subordinates’ loyalty, job performance, extrarole behavior, leader evaluation(ethical leadership), and supervisor–subordinate relationship evaluation. Meanwhile, the social-cognitive model of transference, pan familism, social learning theory, and information processing theory can explain the antecedents and consequences of the supervisor–subordinate relational schema. Future research is encouraged to identify the predictive factors of the supervisor–subordinate relational schema, expand its consequences, and explore its mediating mechanism.

关 键 词：关系图式 上下级关系 关系模式 内隐认知 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C93[哲学宗教—心理学]