刘沅对朱子《大学章句》的辩驳及其思想史意义  

Liu Yuan’s Refutation of Zhu Xi’s Annotation on the Great Learning and Its Intellectual Significance

作　　者：李敬峰[1] Li Jingfeng

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学哲学系,西安710119

出　　处：《四川大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第1期61-68,共8页Journal of Sichuan University：Philosophy and Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“关学《中庸》学研究”(21FZXB071);教育部人文社会科学青年基金项目“清代《大学》诠释史研究”(17YJC720013)。

摘　　要：活跃于嘉道年间的"经学巨擘""川西夫子"刘沅,以推尊原典,恢复孔子、曾子《大学》本义为取向,以推动理学义理下行为诉求,向朱子学的精髓《大学章句》展开系统的辩驳。他从最完整地表征理学价值系统的《大学》之义理骨架"三纲八目"入手,全盘否定朱子对"三纲领"的解释,认为朱子所解妄牵己意,师心蔑古,完全背离圣人本旨;进而撇弃朱子以"格物"为"八条目"之统领,并以"诚意"取而代之。刘沅的辩驳显豁融通儒道、暗合阳明以及重视肉身的理论特质,一方面弱化了朱子的权威,减杀了朱子学在清代中晚期复振的力度;另一方面推动了《大学》义理向通俗化、可接受性和可实践性的转化,透显出觉民行道的现实诉求。更为重要的是,借此亦映照出清同治之前巴蜀哲学悉尊宋学、罕受汉学洗礼的学术取向,力证乾嘉汉学只是江南一域而非全国性学术现象,显现了理学区域化进程中的异质和差异,成为探究中晚清巴蜀哲学乃至朱子学学术格局和样态的一个具体而生动的个案。During the Jiaqing-Daoguang period,Liu Yuan,who respected the original classics and hoped to restore the original intention of Confucius and Zengzi in The Great Learning,advocated the behavior consistent with Neo-Confucianism,and conducted a systematic refutation of Annotation on the Great Learning,the essence of Zhu Xi's theory.He started with the framework of The Great Learning,which is the most comprehensive expression of the value system of Neo-Confucianism,and came up with a complete denial of Zhu Xi's interpretation of the Three Cardinal Guidelines(san gang ling三纲领),claiming that Zhu Xi's interpretation completely deviated from the original intention of the ancient sages.Then,he rejected Zhu Xi's idea that Investigation of Things(gewu格物)is the first and leading item among the Eight Articles(ba tiao mu八条目),and replaced it with Sincerity(cheng yi诚意).Liu Yuan's argument indicates its theoretical characteristics of blending Confucianism and Taoism,conforming to Wang Yangming's philosophy implicitly and advocating self-preservation.On the one hand,it weakened the authority of Zhu Xi and the revival of Zhu Xi's philosophy in the middle and late Qing dynasty.On the other hand,it promoted the popularization,acceptability and practicality of The Great Learning.What's more,it showed the tendency that Bashu philosophy had followed the Song studies rather than the Han studies before the Tongzhi period,proving that the Han learning in Qian-Jia period prevailed only in the south of the Yangtze River,and that there were differences in the process of regionalization of Neo-Confucianism.Liu Yuan has become a concrete case to explore the pattern of Bashu and even Zhu Xi studies in the middle and late Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：刘沅 朱子 《大学章句》 巴蜀哲学 

分 类 号：B249.9[哲学宗教—中国哲学]