初中生中职升学意愿的差异分析--基于对“三州”地区21531名初三学生的调查  

An Analysis of the Difference in Junior High School Students’Willingness to Enter Secondary Vocational Schools--A Survey of 21,531 Nineth Graders in the“Three Autonomous Prefectures”

作　　者：沈有禄[1] Shen Youlu(Key Laboratory of Data Science and Smart Education,Ministry of Education,Hainan Normal University,Haikou 571158)

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学数据科学与智慧教育教育部重点实验室,海南海口571158

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第1期165-172,共8页Journal of Central China Normal University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“‘三州’地区高中普及攻坚与普职协调发展研究”(18BMZ076)。

摘　　要：通过对“三州”地区21531名初三学生的调查发现:学生的中职升学意愿并不是很高,仅有31.9%的学生有上中等职业学校的意愿,且以弱势家庭的学生为主;中职升学意愿在学生所在地区(州)、学校性质、学校所在地、家庭所在地、班级性质、性别、学生成绩班级排名、家庭年收入水平、父亲职业、母亲受教育水平等10个维度上均存在显著差异。进一步探究发现,学生有中职升学意愿的原因中,“自己成绩不够好,只能上中职”是最主要的原因,其次是“其他原因(如兴趣爱好等)”,再次是与教育成本有关的“因家庭贫困而上中职,免学费还有生活补助,能减轻家庭经济负担”,而“中职能学技术,将来能安身立命”却仅排在第四位。因此,要提高初三学生对中职教育的需求度,应关注那些“不确定”是否上中职的41.3%的学生及家庭社会资本、经济资本及文化资本较弱的学生,并在短期内尽快提高中职毕业生的工资福利待遇,提升中职学校的教育教学质量及实训条件,增加中职学校的吸引力。此外,加强对职业教育的价值和意义的宣传,改变人们对职业教育的观念歧视亦十分重要。Through a survey of 21,531 nineth graders in the junior high schools of“three autonomous prefectures”,we found that students’willingness to enter a secondary vocational school is not very high,only 31.9%to be exact,the majority of which are from disadvantaged families.Students’willingness to attend secondary vocational school is significantly different according to the areas,the nature of the schools,family annual income levels,and other elements.Further studies show that“my grade is not good enough,and secondary vocational schools are the only option”is the most prevelant reason for students’choice of secondary vocational schools.The second most rated reason is“other reasons”(for example,hobbies).The third is related to the cost of education.Therefore,in order to increase the nineth graders’demand for vocational education,we should pay attention to the 41.3%who are“not sure”about whether to go to secondary vocational schools and those who are disadvantaged in family social capital,economic capital and cultural capital.Meanwhile,we should also improve the salaries and welfare for the vocational school graduates as soon as possible,and improve the quality of vocational education and conditions for practical training.In addition,it is also important to promote the value and significance of vocational education.

关 键 词：中职升学意愿 初三学生 “三州”地区 差异 

分 类 号：G637.3[文化科学—教育学]