亚东鲑幼鱼饲料中适宜淀粉种类与水平的研究  

THE SUITABLE STARCH TYPES AND LEVELS IN THE DIET OF BROWN TROUT(SALMO TRUTTA)JUVENILES

作　　者：党江雨 高擘为 徐禛 杨航 李小勤[1,2,3] 冷向军 DANG Jiang-Yu;GAO Bo-Wei;XU Zhen;YANG Hang;LI Xiao-Qin;LENG Xiang-Jun(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition(CREEFN)of the Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产科学国家级教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学农业农村部鱼类营养与环境生态研究中心,上海201306 [3]水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心,上海201306

出　　处：《水生生物学报》2022年第1期69-78,共10页Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica

基　　金：水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心项目(A1-2041-18-0011)资助。

摘　　要：为考察淀粉种类与水平对亚东鲑(Salmo trutta)幼鱼生长性能、饲料利用、消化酶活性、肝脏生化指标和组织学的影响,实验采用2×3双因素设计,选取玉米淀粉和木薯淀粉,分别以5%、10%和15%水平添加,共配制6种等氮等脂饲料,饲喂初始体重为(0.50±0.03)g的亚东鲑幼鱼84d。结果表明,随着饲料中玉米淀粉和木薯淀粉水平的提高,增重率呈现先上升后下降的趋势,饲料系数则先下降后上升(P<0.05),其中10%木薯淀粉组增重率最高(518.8%),饲料系数最低(1.32)。各组成活率、脏体比、肥满度和全鱼水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分含量均没有显著差异(P>0.05),粗蛋白沉积率随淀粉水平的提高呈下降趋势,其中15%水平组显著低于其他水平组(P<0.05),而脂肪沉积率则随着淀粉水平的升高先上升后下降,且10%木薯淀粉组显著高于玉米淀粉组(P<0.05);淀粉种类和水平对胃蛋白酶和胃淀粉酶无显著影响(P>0.05),15%淀粉水平组肠淀粉酶和肠蛋白酶活性显著高于其他水平组(P<0.05)。饲料中淀粉种类和水平对肝脏谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、总胆固醇和甘油三酯均无显著影响(P>0.05),15%淀粉组的肝糖原含量显著高于其他水平组(P<0.05)。在肝脏组织学方面,15%水平组较其余两个水平组表现出明显的细胞核移位和细胞空泡化现象。上述结果表明,在实验条件下,亚东鲑幼鱼饲料中淀粉的适宜添加水平为10%,木薯淀粉的效果优于玉米淀粉。To investigate the effects of starch on the growth,feed utilization,digestive enzyme activity,liver biochemical indexes and liver histology of brown trout juveniles,six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with corn starch and cassava starch at three levels of 5%,10%and 15%,respectively,to feed brown trout juveniles with an initial body weight of(0.50±0.03)g for 84 days.The results indicated that the weight gain rate(WGR)first increased and then decreased,while the feed coefficient ratio(FCR)showed an opposite trend with the increasing dietary starch level(P<0.05).The 10%cassava starch group had the highest WGR(518.8%)and the lowest FCR(1.32).There were no significant differences in the survival,viscera-body ratio,condition factor,and body composition among the groups(P>0.05).The crude protein retention decreased with the increasing starch level,and the 15%starch group had significantly lower values than that of the other groups(P<0.05).While the lipid retention first increased and then decreased with the increasing dietary starch level,and the 10%cassava starch group showed significantly higher lipid retention than that of the 10%corn starch group(P<0.05).The starch types and levels did not significantly affect the activities of pepsin,gastric amylase,liver alanine aminotransferase,liver aspartate aminotransferase,and the contents of total cholesterol and triglycerides in liver(P>0.05),while the activities of intestinal amylase and protease in 15%starch group were significantly higher than those in other groups(P<0.05).The 15%starch groups showed significantly higher liver glycogen content and more nucleus shift and cell vacuolation than the other groups.In conclusion,the suitable diet for brown trout juveniles was suggested to be 10%cassava starch under the experimental conditions.

关 键 词：亚东鲑 玉米淀粉 木薯淀粉 生长 消化酶 肝脏组织学 

分 类 号：S965.1[农业科学—水产养殖]