篮球运动员的多目标追踪与轨迹预测  

Multiple Object Tracking and Motion Trajectory Prediction of Basketball Players

作　　者：张禹 魏一凡 陶靖婷 李杰[3,4] Zhang Yu;Wei Yifan;Tao Jingting;Li Jie(School of Psychology,Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Department of Psychology,School of Social and Behavior Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders,The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;Institutes of Psychological Sciences,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学心理学院,北京100084 [2]南京大学社会学院心理学系,南京210023 [3]杭州师范大学附属医院认知与脑疾病研究中心,杭州311121 [4]杭州师范大学心理科学研究院,杭州311121

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2021年第10期800-809,共10页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：浙江省自然科学基金探索项目(LY21C09005);国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071087);杭州师范大学科研经费启动项目(RWSK20200407)。

摘　　要：目的:探究篮球运动员多目标追踪表现及轨迹预测优势,对"位置假说"和"轨迹预测假说"进行检验与拓展。方法:实验一受试者为篮球运动员12人(平均年龄21.04±2.02岁)和普通大学生12人(平均年龄23.5±1.87岁);实验二新招募受试者24人,其中篮球运动员12人(平均年龄20.42±1.44岁)、普通大学生12人(平均年龄22.75±2.05岁)。实验采用多目标追踪范式结合消失范式。受试者追踪多个在电脑屏幕上运动的客体,运动过程中客体可能短暂消失然后重新出现,要求受试者持续追踪目标并报告它们的最终位置,并且操控了目标数量和运动客体消失后重现的位置。相比于实验一,实验二延长了重现位置与消失点的距离。追踪正确率由每个试次中正确追踪目标的个数除以总个数获得。结果:实验一显示,当目标重现在沿轨迹运动的预测点时,两类人群的多目标追踪正确率均好于轨迹旋转90度点(预测点正确率0.813±0.015,逆时针90度点正确率0.719±0.019,顺时针90度点正确率0.727±0.019,P运动员<0.001,P大学生<0.001)。实验二显示,当目标重现于预测点远点时,篮球运动员的追踪正确率好于普通大学生(篮球运动员追踪正确率0.743±0.020,普通大学生追踪正确率0.586±0.026,P<0.01,偏η2=0.455)。另外,实验一和实验二中,两类人群都在目标重现于消失点位置时追踪正确率最高。结论:篮球运动员和普通大学生都具有轨迹预测能力,篮球运动员的优势在于追踪表现更好且对轨迹预测延伸得更远,能更有效地预测更远的位置。多目标追踪中"位置假说"和"轨迹预测假说"两种理论可并存,其中位置优势是稳定的,对轨迹的预测易受容量、距离、人群等因素影响。Objective To explore the advantage of basketball players’ multiple-object tracking and trajectory prediction,so as to test and expand the“spatial proximity heuristic”and“trajectory prediction hypothesis”.Methods Experiment 1 subjects were 12 basketball players(average age:21.04 ±2.02) and 12 ordinary college students(average age:23.5 ± 1.87);Experiment 2 recruited 24 new subjects,including 12 basketball players(average age:20.42 ± 1.44) and 12 ordinary college students(average age:22.75 ± 2.05).The experiment adopts the multiple-object tracking paradigm combined with the vanishing paradigm.All subjects were asked to track multiple objects moving on the computer screen,which may disappear briefly and then reappear.The subjects were required to keep track of the objects and report their final positions.The number of objects and the place of their reappearance can be manipulated.Compared with Experiment 1,in Experiment 2 the distance between the reappearing position and the vanishing point was extended.The tracking accuracy was obtained by dividing the number of correctly tracked targets in each trial by the total number.Results In Experiment 1,the tracking accuracy of the both groups when the targets reappeared at the predicted point along the trajectory(0.813 ± 0.015),was better than that of the 90-degree rotation point counterclockwise(0.719 ±0.019) and clockwise(0.727 ± 0.019)(Pplayers<0.001,Pstudents<0.001).In Experiment 2,when the targets reappeared at the extended point of the predicted point,the tracking accuracy of basketball players(0.743 ± 0.020) was better than that of the ordinary college students(0.586 ± 0.026)(P<0.01,partialη2=0.455).Moreover,in both Experiment 1 and 2,both groups had the highest tracking accuracy when the targets reappeared at the original vanishing point.Conclusion Both basketball players and ordinary college students have trajectory prediction ability in multiple-object tracking.Basketball players have better tracking capability and can extend the trajectory pre

关 键 词：篮球运动员 多目标追踪 轨迹预测 位置优势 

分 类 号：G841[文化科学—体育训练]