美国社区学院“田纳西承诺计划”何以成功?  

Why Did the Tennessee Promise of American Community College Succeed?

作　　者：陈凤菊 张征 CHEN Fengju;ZHANG Zheng(Xiamen University,Xiamen Fujian 361005;South-Central Minzu University,Wuhan Hubei 430074)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学教育研究院,福建厦门361005 [2]中南民族大学教育学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《当代职业教育》2022年第1期104-112,共9页Contemporary Vocational Education

基　　金：2020年度教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目“一流本科建设背景下高校教师教学行为及其激励机制研究”(编号:20YJA880085)。

摘　　要：美国社区学院是最具美国特色的高等教育形式之一,在其百余年的发展历程中,以"低门槛、低学费"的显性特征为推进美国高等教育普及化作出了独特的贡献。"田纳西承诺计划"是全美第一个在州一级全面实行的社区学院免费教育政策,旨在通过免费资助方式吸引更多学生进入社区学院学习,提高人口受教育程度,推进教育公平。"田纳西承诺计划"自2014年实施以来,取得显著成效,高等教育净入学率得到提升;受资助学生保留率和学业完成率显著提升;教育公平日益彰显。我国高等职业教育发展需要多措并举,可借鉴"田纳西承诺计划"的成功经验,加大政府财政投入,激励社会组织参与办学,促进高职院校主动谋求变革,从而推进高等职业教育高质量发展。American community college is one of the most America-characterized forms of higher education.In its more than 100 years of development, it has made unique contributions to promoting the popularization of American higher education with its explicit characteristics of "low threshold and low tuition". The Tennessee Promise is the first state-level free community college policy in the United States. It aims to attract more students to attend community colleges through free funding, improve the population’s educational level, and improve education equality. Since its implementation in 2014, The Tennessee Promise has achieved remarkable results, increasing the higher education gross enrollment rate. The retention and completion rates of sponsored students have significantly increased. Equality in education has become increasingly prominent. The development of higher vocational education in China requires to take multiple measures. We can learn from the successful experience of the Tennessee Promise to increase government financial investment, encourage social organizations to participate in running higher vocational colleges, and promote higher vocational colleges to actively seek reforms, so as to promote the high-quality development of higher vocational education.

关 键 词：美国社区学院 田纳西承诺计划 免费教育政策 高等职业教育 人才培养 

分 类 号：G719[文化科学—职业技术教育学]