学校究竟是什么——重申学校的社会属性  

What a School Actually Is——A Reiteration of Its Social Attribute

作　　者：吴康宁[1] Wu Kangning(Center for Sociology of Education,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育社会学研究中心,南京210097

出　　处：《教育研究》2021年第12期14-21,共8页Educational Research

摘　　要：学校是一种"社会产物",学校深受社会制约。社会左右着学校存亡兴衰,影响着学校日常实践,并在作为学校之主体的教师与学生身上刻有种种烙印。学校是一种"社会分支",学校自身便是一个小社会。学校经由社会设立后便成为社会的组成部分,学校由各种社会性存在构成,学校日常生活也是社会生活,学校既姓"教",也姓"社"。学校是一种"社会工具"。从社会期待来看,学校被视为"社会工具";从学校取向来讲,学校想成为"社会工具";就客观结果而言,学校总归是"社会工具"。问题不在于学校到底是不是、究竟该不该成为"社会工具",而在于学校到底是怎样的、究竟该成为怎样的"社会工具"。学校不仅无需忌惮成为"社会工具",而且应努力成为正确、正当的"社会工具",避免成为错误、荒谬的"社会工具"。A school,which is a"social product,"is restricted by society.Society influences the rise and fall of the school and its daily practice,and leaves marks on the teachers and students,the main body of the school.Also,as a"social branch,"a school itself is a small society.After it is established by society,the school becomes an integral part of society,and consists of various social beings;the daily life of the school is also a social life;the school indicates both"teaching"and"society."Moreover,a school is a"social tool."As is expected by society,the school is viewed as a"social tool";on the part of the school,it wants to become a"social tool";as a result,it is indeed a"social tool."The question does not lie in whether the school is or should be a"social tool";instead,it lies in what the school actually is and what it needs to be.In fact,it does not need to care about its identity as a"social tool";it should strive to become a correct and legitimate"social tool,"and avoid becoming a wrong and absurd"social tool."

关 键 词：学校 社会属性 社会产物 社会分支 社会工具 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]