我国学前教育生均经费投入的省域差异与成因  

Provincial Differences and Causes of Per Student Investment for Preschool Education

作　　者：蔡文伯[1] 达选莹 Cai Wenbo;Da Xuanying(Shihezi University,Shihezi 832003)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学师范学院,石河子832003

出　　处：《当代教育论坛》2022年第1期1-10,共10页forum on contemporary education

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“深度贫困地区教育精准扶贫政策绩效的测度与评价研究”(编号:71864032);新疆兵团社科基金项目“兵团教育精准扶贫成效与实现路径研究”(编号:18ZD04)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：教育经费的均衡配置是学前教育公平而有质量发展的基本条件。研究选取了我国30个省份2011年至2018年的面板数据,测算学前教育阶段各项生均经费的基尼系数和帕尔玛比值,综合评价各项生均经费配置的省域间公平性,并构建理论模型考察哪些因素作用于学前教育生均经费投入。研究结果显示:我国学前教育生均教育经费投入还不公平,主要表现为省域间经费配置的两极分化严重;代表政府努力度的一般公共预算内生均教育经费投入的省域间不均衡程度很高;农村地区省域间生均经费投入不均衡状况比城镇地区严重;生均经费投入水平总体上呈现"东部省域高,中西省域低"的区域性特征;各省域学前教育生均经费的投入结构也有所不同;经济发展水平、城镇化水平和城乡收入差距都会对学前生均经费投入产生影响。最后,依据研究结论提出改善我国学前教育生均经费配置情况的对策建议。The balanced allocation of education funds is the basic condition for the development of fair and quality preschool education. The study uses panel data from 30 provinces and regions in my country from 2011 to2018 to calculate the Gini coefficient and the Parma ratio of each student’s expenditure in the preschool education stage, comprehensively evaluate the inter-provincial fairness of the allocation of each student’s expenditure, and construct a theoretical model examines which factors affect the average expenditure of pre-school education students. The results of the study show that the per-student education expenditure for pre-school education in China is still unfair, which is mainly manifested by the serious polarization in the allocation of funds between provinces;the degree of imbalance between the provinces of the education expenditure per student in the general public budget, which represents the government’s effort, very high;the imbalance of per student funding in rural areas is more serious than that in urban areas;the per student funding level in general shows the regional characteristics of "high in eastern provinces and low in central and western provinces";pre-school education students in various provinces, the input structure of the average expenditure is also different;the level of local economic development, the level of urbanization, and the urban-rural income gap will all affect the average expenditure of preschool education. Finally, according to the research conclusions, countermeasures and suggestions to improve the allocation of funds per student for preschool education in my country are put forward.

关 键 词：生均经费投入 省域差异 学前教育公平 

分 类 号：G619.2[文化科学—学前教育学]