家猫爪垫减振机理及其在轮胎花纹中的仿生应用研究  

Vibration reduction mechanism of cat claw pad and its bionic application in tire pattern

作　　者：王国林[1] 梅烨 周海超[1] 刘从臻 WANG Guolin;MEI Ye;ZHOU Haichao;LIU Congzhen(School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;School of Mechanical Engineering,Anhui Polytechnic University,Wuhu 241000,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学汽车与交通工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]安徽工程大学机械工程学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2022年第1期128-136,共9页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51605198,51675240,52072156);中国博士后科学基金(2020M682269);安徽工程大学引进人才科研启动基金(2021YQQ026);江苏省研究生实践创新计划项目(SJCX21_1686)。

摘　　要：猫科动物运动时表现出极强的减振特性,爪垫作为与地面接触的唯一躯体部分是影响减振效果的关键因素。通过对家猫爪垫的组织学和接地力学试验研究表明,爪垫的减振机理主要体现在:爪垫组织结构呈现的多层特征有助于衰减接地应力;正常行走步态下爪垫力学特性表征出的爪垫-地接触中存在摆动变形的运动特征有利于缓冲储能的发挥。利用家猫爪垫的减振机理对PCR轮胎中间区域胎面的花纹沟壁结构进行仿生设计,采用仿蜂巢六边形凹坑非对称布局的花纹结构设计来实现家猫爪垫减振机理的仿生学应用。通过有限元仿真分析发现,当轮胎滚动时,所设计的仿生胎面花纹有效降低了轮胎接地压力偏度值和胎面-路面间径向激励力,改善了轮胎胎面磨损和振动噪声特性。Cats show extremely strong vibration reduction characteristics when moving.As the only body part in contact with ground,claw pad is the key factor affecting vibration reduction effect.Histological and contact mechanical tests of cat claw pads show that the vibration reduction mechanism of claw pad mainly lies in multi-layer characteristics of claw pad tissue structure,which is helpful to attenuate ground-contacting stress;mechanical characteristics of claw pad under normal walking gait indicate swing deformation existing in claw pad-ground contact,which is conducive to the exertion of buffer energy storage.The bionic design of tread groove wall structure in middle area of PCR tire was performed by using the vibration reduction mechanism of domestic cat claw pad.The pattern structure design imitating the asymmetric layout of honeycomb hexagonal pits was adopted to realize the bionic application of vibration reduction mechanism of domestic cat claw pad.The results of finite element simulation analysis showed that when tire rolls,the designed bionic tread pattern can effectively reduce the tire ground-contacting pressure deflection and the radial excitation force between tire and pavement,and improve tire tread abrasion and vibration and noise characteristics.

关 键 词：工程仿生学 家猫爪垫 减振机理 轮胎花纹 振动噪声 

分 类 号：TB17[生物学—生物工程]