蒸汽爆破结合多种微生物改善酒糟饲料品质的研究  

Study on Improving the Quality of Distiller’s Grains Feed by Steam Explosion Combined with Various Microorganisms

作　　者：范恩帝 冯敏雪 李晨瑶 吴德光 陈叶福 肖冬光 郭学武 FAN En-Di;FENG Min-Xue;LI Chen-Yao;WU De-Guang;CHEN Ye-Fu;XIAO Dong-Guang;GUO Xue-Wu(Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology,Ministry of Education/Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory/College of Biotechnology,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300457,China;Key Laboratory of Wuliangye-Flavor Liquor Solid-State Fermentation,China National Light Industry,Yibin 644000,China;Department of Brewing Engineering,Moutai Institute,Renhuai 564500,China)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学生物工程学院/工业发酵微生物教育部重点实验室/天津市工业微生物重点实验室,天津300457 [2]中国轻工业浓香型白酒固态发酵重点实验室,宜宾644000 [3]茅台学院酿酒工程系,仁怀564500

出　　处：《农业生物技术学报》2022年第1期194-206,共13页Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFD0400500);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2017M611169);中国轻工业浓香型白酒固态发酵重点实验室开放基金项目(2019JJ013);贵州省教育厅青年科技人才成长项目(黔教合KY字[2018]445);2020年度贵州省科技厅基础研究计划(黔科合基础[2020]1Y150)。

摘　　要：白酒生产过程伴随着数量庞大且营养丰富的酒糟产生,在其饲料化过程中过高含量的木质纤维不利于微生物利用,同时会影响动物消化,并且酒糟发酵饲料多为功能单一的蛋白饲料,因此开发富含功能性成分的酒糟饲料具有重要的研究意义。本研究通过蒸汽爆破预处理白酒酒糟,并结合包括酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)、产朊假丝酵母(Candida utilis)、枯草芽胞杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、德氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii)、乳酸片球菌(Pediococcus acidilactici)、康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningii)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、嗜热毁丝霉(Myceliophthora thermophila)在内的微生物对酒糟进行发酵。结果表明蒸汽爆破预处理对白酒酒糟中的半纤维素和木质素均有降解作用,有益于酒糟的再利用,并且确定了最佳蒸汽爆破处理条件为1.7 MPa压强下处理15 min,木质素含量降低了14.65%,半纤维素含量降低了51.72%,还原糖含量增长为原酒糟的9.66倍。同时以粗蛋白、粗纤维、烟酸、乙偶姻和有机酸为指标筛选确定了酿酒酵母、产朊假丝酵母、植物乳杆菌、枯草芽胞杆菌、康宁木霉、黑曲霉H7、黑曲霉H1496和嗜热毁丝霉为酒糟饲料生产菌株最佳组合,与汽爆处理酒糟相比,最佳菌株组合发酵酒糟粗蛋白含量提高了22.55%,粗纤维含量下降了17.85%,乙偶姻含量提高了76.38%,烟酸含量达到了0.31 mg/g干酒糟,且含有适量短链有机酸,并具有怡人的酸香。本研究对于酒糟饲料的研发和生产具有一定的参考价值和指导意义。The yield of distiller’s grains is huge,but it is not suitable for storage due to its high acidity and high-water content.Besides,the high proportion of rice husk in distiller’s grains makes the fiber content of distiller’s grains higher,which increases the difficulty of the utilization of distiller’s grains.The resource utilization of distiller’s grains is wide,for example,protein feed,fertilizer,chemical products and so on.The distiller’s grains feed is the most common,such as silage feed,fly maggot feed,microbial fermentation feed,etc,and microbial fermentation feed is the research hotspot.However,most of distiller’s grain feed has a single function,only pursuing high protein content,and other nutrients mainly rely on external addition.This increases the cost of distiller’s grains feed,making it difficult to promote,and most of them can only stay at the laboratory level.In this study,the preparation of multifunctional microbial fermentation feed from distiller’s grains by steam explosion pretreatment technology combined with microorganisms including Candida utilis,Saccharomyces cerevisiae,Bacillus subtilis,Lactobacillus,and Molds was studied.The distiller’s grains treated under different steam explosion conditions were detected and analyzed.The results showed that the steam explosion pretreatment could effectively degrade the hemicellulose and lignin in the distiller’s grains,which was beneficial to the reuse of the distiller’s grains.The 1.7 MPa pressure treatment for 15 minutes was most conducive to the degradation of hemicellulose and lignin.Compared with untreated distiller’s grains,the lignin and hemicellulose contents of distiller’s grains treated by the optimum steam explosion conditions decreased by 14.65%and 51.72%,respectively,and the content of reducing sugar increased by 8.66 times.Then according to the ability of producing short chain organic acids and bacteriostasis,the feeding lactic acid bacteria were determined by using 3 strains of lactic acid bacteria combined wit

关 键 词：酒糟 蒸汽爆破 混菌发酵 酒糟饲料 

分 类 号：S816.6[农业科学—饲料科学]