同校连读还是跨校流动:博士招生选拔制度探究  

Continuous Study or Inter-school Mobility:Research on the Ph.D. Enrollment and Selection System

作　　者：李永刚[1] 许仕琦 LI Yong-gang;XU Shi-qi(Tianjin University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学,天津300350

出　　处：《黑龙江高教研究》2022年第2期92-98,共7页Heilongjiang Researches on Higher Education

基　　金：国家自然科学青年科学基金项目“研究型大学毕业博士入职地方高校后的组织适应及其影响机制研究”(编号:72104175)。

摘　　要：当前博士招生和培养制度改革在一定程度上助推了博士生学术近亲繁殖程度,但对其所产生的影响并没有得到充分的研究。文章以305名诺贝尔奖获得者为对象,运用传记——群体研究方法,研究发现学术精英教育经历中跨校流动的比例较高,不同学科诺贝尔奖获得者之间的差异较小,除了英国和日本等少数国家以外,绝大多数国家诺贝尔奖获得者更倾向于跨校攻读博士。传记研究也表明较高的跨校流动和多样性的学习经历,较好地促进了学术精英早期科学认知、学术素养和创新思维等的发展。这启示我国在博士生统一招考和申请考核制施行过程中要避免在同等条件下过度招收本校生;硕博连读应从同校攻读扩展为跨校推免攻读;同校连读博士生应在后期培养中强化校外或境外交流学习经历。The current reform of the doctoral admissions and training system has promoted the degree of inbreeding of doctoral students, but its influence has not been fully studied. This article takes 305 Nobel Prize winners as the objects, using the biographical-group research method. It is found that the proportion of inter-school mobility in the academic elite education experience is relatively high, and the degree of difference between Nobel Prize winners in different disciplines is not very large. Except for a few countries such as the United Kingdom and Japan, the majority of Nobel Prize winners in the early stages are more inclined to study for doctoral degrees across schools. Biographical studies also show that the higher academic mobility and diverse learning experiences have better promoted the early scientific cognition, academic literacy and innovative thinking development of future academic elites. This enlightens that the uniform admission and application system for doctoral students should prevent the over-recruitment of students from same school under the same conditions. The joined study of master and doctoral degree program should be expanded from doctoral studies at the same school to cross-school. Ph.D. students in the same school should strengthen the exchange of learning experience outside the school or abroad in the later training.

关 键 词：博士招生 学术精英 近亲繁殖 同校连读 跨校流动 

分 类 号：G643.0[文化科学—高等教育学]