豆粕发酵工艺优化及发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉对大黄鱼的饲喂效果  

Optimization of Soybean Meal Fermentation Process and Feeding Effect of Dietary Fish Meal Partial Replacement by Fermented Soybean Meal for Large Yellow Croaker

作　　者：李春梅 林娟[1] LI Chunmei;LIN Juan(College of Biological Science and Engineering,Fuzhou University,Fuzhou 350108,China)

机构地区：[1]福州大学生物科学与工程学院,福州350108

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2022年第1期563-574,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：福建省科技计划区域发展项目(2019N3001)。

摘　　要：本试验旨在优化复合益生菌发酵豆粕的工艺参数,并研究发酵豆粕(FSBM)部分替代大黄鱼饲料中的鱼粉对其生长性能、消化性能、非特异性免疫功能和抗氧化性能的影响。首先采用正交试验优化豆粕发酵工艺,然后用发酵豆粕替代饲料中部分鱼粉进行大黄鱼养殖试验。以270尾初始体重为(22.81±9.16)g的大黄鱼为试验对象,随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复30尾鱼。对照组(FM组)饲喂鱼粉含量为25%的基础饲料,2个试验组分别饲喂以发酵豆粕替代基础饲料中30%(FSBM-30组)和50%鱼粉(FSBM-50组)的试验饲料,养殖期为46 d。结果显示:1)以发酵豆粕中的小肽、游离氨基酸和乳酸含量为考察指标,确定豆粕发酵最优工艺条件为基质含水量50%,枯草芽孢杆菌接种量4%(v/m),枯草芽孢杆菌与植物乳杆菌接种比例1∶5,发酵温度37℃,接种方式及发酵时间为接种枯草芽孢杆菌2 d后接种植物乳杆菌,共发酵5 d。豆粕经过枯草芽孢杆菌和植物乳杆菌的发酵作用,7S、11S抗原蛋白和棉子糖、水苏糖等抗营养因子成分有效去除,易于吸收的小肽和游离氨基酸含量显著提高(P<0.05),并富含益生菌。2)大黄鱼养殖试验显示,与对照组相比,发酵豆粕替代饲料中50%的鱼粉对大黄鱼的生长性能、肠道蛋白酶和淀粉酶活性、血清非特异性免疫指标和抗氧化指标以及肝脏健康状况未产生显著影响(P>0.05)。由此可知,豆粕采用最优工艺发酵后营养价值和适口性得到明显提高;发酵豆粕替代饲料中50%的鱼粉不会对大黄鱼的生长性能、消化性能、非特异性免疫功能和抗氧化能力产生不良影响。This experiment was conducted to optimize the process parameters of fermented soybean meal(FSBM)by compound probiotics and investigate the effects of partial replacement fish meal by FSBM on growth performance,digestibility,non-specific immunity and antioxidant ability of large yellow croaker.The orthogonal test method was adopted to optimize the preparation conditions of FSBM,and the culture experiment of large yellow croaker was carried out by partial replacing fish meal with FSBM.A total of 270 large yellow croakers with an average body weight of(22.81±9.16)g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate.The fish control group(FM group)were fed a basal diet with 25%fish meal,and those in the 2 experimental groups were fed experimental diets which were used FSBM to replace 30%(FSBM-30 group)and 50%fish meal(FSBM-50 group)in the basal diet,respectively.Culturing period was 46 days.The results showed as follows:1)the contents of small peptides,free amino acids and lactic acid in FSBM were used as indexes to determine the optimal fermentation process conditions of soybean meal:substrate water content was 50%,Bacillus subtilis inoculation size was 4%,the ratio of Bacillus subtilis to Lactobacillus plantarum was 1∶5,2 days after inoculation with Bacillus subtilis,the Lactobacillus plantarum was inoculated,and a total of 5 days of fermentation.After fermentation with Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus plantarum,7S,11S antigen proteins,raffinose,stachyose and other anti-nutritional factors of soybean meal were effectively eliminated.and the contents of digestible small peptides and free amino acids were significantly increased(P<0.05),moreover,fermentation enriched the soybean meal with probiotic.2)The culture experiment of large yellow croaker revealed that compared with the control group,FSBM replacing 50%fish meal in the diet exhibited no significant impacts on the growth performance,intestinal protease and amylase activities,serum non-specific immune and antioxidant

关 键 词：豆粕发酵工艺 大黄鱼 生长性能 消化性能 非特异性免疫功能 抗氧化能力 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]