“资本主义萌芽”论范式问题再反思  

Rethinking on the Paradigm of “Capitalist Germination”

作　　者：张佩国 ZHANG Peiguo

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学人文学院历史系,上海200240

出　　处：《学术月刊》2021年第12期168-181,共14页Academic Monthly

摘　　要：在20世纪20年代末至30年代初的社会史论战中,"新生命"派、"新思潮"派和"新动力"派大都承认中国封建社会各种社会经济层次驳杂混合的格局,商业资本与封建势力之间的对立统一,也是各派的共识。论战诸派均试图以"社会形态说"诠释中国历史,以求达成对"历史整体"的把握,唯物史观从此具有了历史学的"范式"意义。在围绕《红楼梦》时代背景所展开的讨论中,学者们大致有一个基本的共识,那就是封建制度对资本主义萌芽的阻滞作用与一定程度上的让步同时并存,代表资本主义萌芽的新兴市民群体虽有一定的反抗性和独立性,但更多是一种脆弱性和依附性。后来走出"资本主义萌芽"论的吴承明和傅衣凌,在与时俱进地运用现代化理论、结构主义理论解释明清社会时,仍然将生产方式理论融入新的解释;并在传统与现代的多元互动、传统社会的多元结构等理论框架中,重新解释了"资本主义萌芽"论所面对的那些历史事实。"从社会性质出发"的唯物史观,完全可以由此走出"西方中心论"的藩篱,立足于中国历史,做出具有文明互鉴意义的历史动力学解释,形成典范性研究成果,从而彰显唯物史观和马克思主义理论的范式意义。In the social history debate from the late 1920 s to the early 1930 s, most of the scholars recognized the mixed pattern of various socio-economic levels in China’s feudal society, and the unity of opposites between commercial capital and feudal forces was also the consensus of all scholars. All factions of the debate tried to interpret Chinese history with the theory of social form in order to grasp the history as a whole. Historical materialism has been the significance of paradigm of history since then. In the discussion on the background of The Dream of Red Mansion, the scholars generally had a basic consensus that was the blocking effect of the feudal system on the germination of capitalism coexists with a certain degree of concession. The emerging civil groups representing the germination of capitalism had a certain resistance and independence, but they were more fragile and dependent. Later, Wu Chengming and Fu Yiling, who walked out of the theory of capitalist germination, still integrated the theory of mode of production into the new interpretation when they used the modernization theory and structuralism theory to explain the society of the Ming and Qing Dynasties with the times. In the theoretical framework of the Pluralistic interaction between tradition and modernity and the pluralistic structure of traditional society, this paper reinterprets the historical facts faced by the theory of capitalist germination. The historical materialism of starting from the social nature can completely get out of the barrier of Western centrism, based on Chinese history, make a historical dynamic explanation with the significance of mutual learning among the civilizations, and form exemplary research results, so as to highlight the paradigm significance of historical materialism and Marxist theory.

关 键 词：“资本主义萌芽” 范式 生产方式 历史本体论 

分 类 号：K02[历史地理—历史学]