日语被动表现的历史研究--以明治时期为中心  

A Historical Study of Japanese Passive Expressions:-Centering on Meiji Period

作　　者：智晓敏[1] 秦国和[2] ZHI Xiaomin;QIN Guohe(Faculty of Foreign Languages,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330045,China;Faculty of Foreign Languages,Shaoguan University,Shaoguan,Guangdong 512005,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学外国语学院,江西南昌330045 [2]韶关学院外国语学院,广东韶关512005

出　　处：《肇庆学院学报》2021年第6期69-76,共8页Journal of Zhaoqing University

基　　金：2018年国家社会科学基金一般项目(18BYY228);韶关学院2016度科研项目(SY2016SK18)。

摘　　要：日语被动表达一直是日语学习者难以准确掌握的语法现象,因此对日语被动表现的研究一直是层出不穷。多数日语教育工作者从结构、格助词、行动者的词性以及被动表达等方面对日语被动表达进行了研究。但是从时间纵轴的角度,即索绪尔的“历时性”研究,对日语被动语态进行研究的还是较少。本文从历时的角度,通过文献分析,对明治中后期日本人的被动表现进行研究。本文总结了明治时期日本被动研究的两大特点及其对日本被动研究的深远影响,得出日本古典文学深受中国被动结构的影响,存在大量汉语被动现象的结论。希望本文能帮助日语学习者更自然地理解、掌握和使用日语被动语态。The passive expression of Japanese has always been a grammatical phenomenon that is difficult to grasp accurately for Japanese learners,so the research on Japanese passive performance has been endless.The majority of Japanese educators have studied the passive expressions of Japanese from the aspects of construction,case auxiliary words,parts of speech of the actor and the passive.However,there are few studies on Japanese passive voice from the perspective of time vertical axis,that is,"diachronic"proposed by Saussure.This paper,from a diachronic perspective,conducts a research on the Japanese passive performance in the middle and late Meiji period through literature analysis.This paper summarizes the two characteristics of Japanese passive research in Meiji period and its profound influence on Japanese passive research,and draws a conclusion that classical Japanese literature is deeply influenced by Chinese passivity and there are a lot of Chinese passive phenomena,such as"quilt sentence".It is expected that this paper can help Japanese learners to understand,master and use Japanese passive voice more naturally.

关 键 词：历时性 被动 不及物动词 情感目标 汉语 

分 类 号：H364[语言文字—日语]