蚁群算法在定制家具矩形零件排样中的应用  

Research on layout of rectangular parts of customized furniture based on ant colony algorithm

作　　者：王洁[1] 陶涛[1] 陈星艳[1] 钱筱楠 欧阳周洲 刘忠会 冯万福 WANG Jie;TAO Tao;CHEN Xingyan;QIAN Xiaonan;OUYANG Zhouzhou;LIU Zhonghui;FENG Wanfu(Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Oupai home furnishing Group Co.Ltd.,Guangzhou 510000,China;Jiangsu Kaidi household products Co.Ltd.,Pizhou 221300,China)

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学,长沙410004 [2]欧派家居集团股份有限公司,广州510000 [3]江苏凯蒂家居用品有限公司,邳州221300

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2022年第1期192-196,共5页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：湖南省教育厅科学研究重点项目(19A522,20A509)。

摘　　要：零件排样,是指在一定规格的原料板材上,按照一定规则排布若干个不同尺寸规格的零件,在满足订单配套和切割要求的前提下,达到一定的优化目标。本研究以定制家具的零件排样问题为对象,根据定制家具零件排样生产的实际情况,将零件排样问题与蚁群算法(ACA)结合,以最优化原材料利用率为目标构建批次订单排样的数学模型,搜索得到批次零件的排样方案,实现定制家具订单的批次排样问题优化。本研究基于定制家具零件的生产特点,给出结合矩形零件排样问题研究的蚁群算法中节点、启发式信息、信息素的定义并对路径的构建和信息素的更新规则进行说明,设计合适的蚁群算法流程,通过对蚁群算法参数的分析,确定蚁群算法参数取值,完成定制家具订单的排样方案的求解。对比了A企业排样的传统经验算法与本研究优化的排样算法对原材料利用率的影响,结果表明:在不同的订单样本量的条件下,本研究的基于蚁群算法优化的排样算法较传统经验算法原材料利用率分别提高6.1%,11.1%,10.0%。通过实例验证该算法在排样问题中求解具有有效性。Layout of parts refers to arranging several parts of different sizes based on a certain specification of raw material plates according to certain rules.Under the premise of meeting the order matching and cutting requirements,it can reach a certain optimization goal.From the perspective of computational complexity,the layout method is a nondeterministic polynomial-time(NP)-complete problem because the exact solution of the problem cannot be obtained under limited conditions.The traditional layout method is quite random and cannot theoretically maximize the utilization of raw materials.In order to solve the problem of the low production efficiency caused by the traditional empiricism and extensive production management in furniture enterprises,this study took the layout of customized furniture parts as the research object.According to the actual situation of customized furniture parts layout production,the parts layout problem was solved using a mathematical model of batch order layout with the goal of optimizing the utilization of raw materials via ant colony algorithm(ACA),to search for the layout plan of batch parts,and finally realize the optimization of the batch layout problem of customized furniture orders.Based on the production characteristics of customized furniture parts,this study provided the definition of nodes,heuristic information,and pheromone in the ant colony algorithm combined with the research of rectangular parts layout,and explained the path construction and pheromone update rules,and designed a suitable ant colony algorithm process,determined the values of the ant colony algorithm parameters through the analysis of the ant colony algorithm parameters,and obtained the solution of the layout plan of the customized furniture order.By taking Company A’s layout as an example,the raw material utilizations of the traditional empirical algorithm and the optimization of the layout algorithm were compared in this study.The results showed that,when the ant colony optimization algorithm was applied,un

关 键 词：蚁群算法 定制家具矩形零件 排样 

分 类 号：TP[自动化与计算机技术]