教师伦理决策的过程之理与培育之径——以西方经典伦理决策模式为分析基础  

Understanding and Cultivating Teachers’Ethical Decision-making:Based on an Analysis of Western Classical Ethical Decision-making Model

作　　者：赵冬冬[1] ZHAO Dongdong

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学系,上海200062

出　　处：《中国人民大学教育学刊》2021年第4期164-177,共14页Renmin University of China Education Journal

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划教育学一般项目“中小学教师伦理决策及其培育研究”(A1607);国家社科基金一般项目“校外培训机构治理体制机制与模式优化研究”(BGA200052)。

摘　　要：教师因担负育人职责而使其化身为伦理的负载者,教师的诸多一般决策因涉及育人过程参与主体的利益或权利(力)等善物的分配而成为伦理决策。对于伦理决策的研究起始于西方,决策认知、问题性质或者组织情境是影响人的伦理决策过程的三种不同导向,由此产生了三种经典的伦理决策模式:主体认知模式、问题权变模式和情境互动模式。以此为分析基础并结合决策实例分析可以明辨,教师伦理决策的过程由道德认知、道德推理、道德判断、道德行动等要素构成。培育教师的伦理决策是理解并改进教师专业育人实践的一种选择,要立足决策过程的构成要素,注重教师的道德敏感培养、坚持多元的教师决策思维、奉从人本导向的教师判断、编制教师行为的伦理规范。Teachers take on the responsibility of education,which turn them into the bearers of ethics.Many general decisions made by teachers become teachers’ethical decisions because they involve the distribution of the interests or rights(authorities)of the participants in the process of education.The study of ethical decision-making begins in the West.With decision cognition,problem nature or organizational context being the three different orientations that affect people’s ethical decision-making process,three classical ethical decision-making models results:Subject recognition model,issue-contingent model and person-situation interactionist model.Based on the case studies,we can find that the process of teachers’ethical decision-making consists of such elements as moral cognition,moral reasoning,moral judgment and moral action.Cultivating teachers’ethical decision-making is an important way to understand and improve teachers’professional education practice.We should pay attention to the cultivation of teachers’moral sensitivity,abide by pluralistic teachers’decision-making thinking,adhere to humanistic-oriented teachers’judgment,and create ethical norms for teachers’behavior.

关 键 词：教师伦理决策 西方经典伦理决策模式 决策过程 决策培育 

分 类 号：G451[文化科学—教育学]