拖拉机动态载荷加载平台设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Dynamic Loading Bench for Tractor

作　　者：王禹 王玲[1] 宗建华 吕东晓 王书茂[1] WANG Yu;WANG Ling;ZONG Jianhua;LYU Dongxiao;WANG Shumao(College of Engineering,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学工学院,北京100083

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2022年第1期91-97,共7页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0700102)。

摘　　要：拖拉机作业性能及其可靠性直接影响农业生产效率。针对室内固定试验台结构庞大、成本高、移动负荷车功能单一等问题,设计了一种适用于中小型拖拉机的动态载荷加载平台。该平台可根据拖拉机试验国家标准,完成包括PTO功率、牵引功率和提升能力在内的多项加载试验,还可实现基于不同农机具、土壤条件、作业工况等田间作业载荷谱的动态加载试验,为拖拉机性能参数的综合性检测提供试验平台。为了验证加载平台动态特性,以拖拉机PTO加载试验为例,基于NI-FPGA的模块化测控系统,开展了加载平台静态逐级加载、正弦跟随加载以及动态载荷谱加载试验。载荷谱加载试验中,以TS404旋耕作业时编制得到的载荷谱作为加载信号,其最大延时为0.8 s,最大超调量为9.81%,最大误差为4.78%,载荷谱相关系数为0.9970,拟合优度为18.94 N·m。上述结果表明,PTO加载系统的响应时间、控制精度、系统超调量可以满足实际加载需要,为拖拉机性能及可靠性试验提供依据和参考。The performance and reliability of tractor directly affect agricultural production efficiency. In view of the low accuracy of the loading control and measurement,single function and inconvenience of the current tractor loading test bench,this paper designed a dynamic loading bench for tractor. The bench not only completed multiple loading tests including PTO power,traction power and lifting capacity based on the national standard of tractor test,but also realized the dynamic loading test of load spectrum,which provided a test platform for the comprehensive detection of tractor performance parameters. In order to verify the dynamic characteristics of the loading platform,taking the tractor PTO loading test as an example,based on the NI-FPGA modular,the static step loading,sinusoidal follow loading and dynamic load spectrum loading tests of the loading bench were carried out. In the load spectrum loading test,the load spectrum prepared in the rotary tillage of TS404 was used as the input signal. The results showed that the maximum delay time was 0.8 s,the maximum overshoot was 9.81%,and the maximum error was 4.78%. The correlation coefficient of load spectrum was 0.997 0,and the goodness of fit was 18.94 N·m. All the results showed that the response time,control accuracy and system overshoot of the PTO loading bench could meet the actual loading needs,which provided the basis and reference for tractor performance and reliability test.

关 键 词：拖拉机 性能检测 载荷谱 加载试验 

分 类 号：S232.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]