翻译之可能与不可能--对翻译问题的哲学思考  

The Possibility and Impossibility of Translation--Philosophical Thinking on Translation

作　　者：严春友[1,2,3] Yan Chunyou(College of Future Education,Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai,China;School of Philosophy,Beijing Normal University,Beijing,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学未来教育学院,广东珠海519085 [2]北京师范大学哲学学院,北京100875 [3]京师范大学价值与文化研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《社会科学论坛》2022年第1期40-46,共7页Tribune of Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金后期资助项目《存在之思》阶段性成果,项目编号:19FZXB046。

摘　　要：该文以翻译问题为例分析语义的可传达性和转换问题。德里达认为翻译是不可能的,这只强调了事情的一个方面,与此同时还存在着翻译的可能性。只有在绝对的意义上,德里达的说法才是成立的,因为翻译成另一种文字已经发生变异,每个文字都有一个语义场,这个场是无法翻译过来的;翻译,也是将一种文化嵌入另一种文化的过程。不可翻译性还表现在文本自身也有一个文化语义场,这个场更是不可能翻译过来,它镶嵌于其所产生的整个文化机体中,存在于文本之外广阔的精神世界里。但是在相对的意义上,翻译是可能的:被翻译的文本必定包含着值得翻译和可翻译的东西,因为作者一定在表达着什么,而且是系统而深入的表达,这意味着原文包含着基本的和自成一体的稳定的含义,这种稳定性是由文本中的逻辑和语法来保证的,因而其基本的内涵是可翻译的;同时,文字本身虽然与整个文化有关联,有其语义场,但每个文字又是有独立性的,各自有着核心的语义,这个核心语义也是可翻译的。一个翻译作品,是原语义场与译者的语义场、原作者的个人世界与译者的个人世界相互作用的结果。在翻译过程中,一方面会发生变异,另一方面核心的语义是保持稳定的。因此不能一般性地说是否可翻译,而应当具体分析哪些是可译的,哪些是不可译的。由此提出“翻译度”的概念,并非所有文本都具有同样的翻译度,越是规范的、常识性的文本越具有可翻译性,反之,越是具有创造性和个人风格的文本,其可翻译度就越低。This paper discusses the communicability and transformation of meanings in translation.Jacques Derrida holds that translation is impossible.I think it is only one aspect of translation,but at the same time there is also other aspect,namely,the translatability.Only in the absolute sense,the statement of Jacques Derrida is correct.When the text is translated into another language,the meanings have changed.Every word has a semantic field that cannot be translated.And translation is the process of embedding one culture into another.And every text has its cultural semantic field,this cultural semantic field is also untranslatable.It is embedded in the whole cultural system and it exists in the vast spiritual world outside the text.But in a relative sense,translation is possible.The text must contain something worthy of translation and translatable.Because the author must be expressing something.And it’s a systematic and in-depth expression.This means that the original text contains a stable and self-contained meaning.This stability is guaranteed by the logic and grammar in the text,Therefore,its basic connotation is translatable.In the meanwhile,the word itself is related to the whole culture,but each character is independent and each has its own core meaning that is translatable.A translation text is the result of the interaction between the original semantic field and the translator’s semantic field,the original author’s personal world and the translator’s personal world.In the process of translation,on the one hand,there will be variation,on the other hand,the core semantics will remain stable.Therefore,we can not generally say whether it is translatable,but should specifically analyze which are translatable and which are untranslatable.This paper puts forward the concept of“translation degree”and holds that not all texts have the same translation degree.The more normative and common sense texts are,the more translatable they are.On the contrary,the more creative and personal texts are,the less translat

关 键 词：翻译 语言 不可翻译 可翻译 翻译度。 

分 类 号：H059[语言文字—语言学]