情绪动机方向和强度对时距知觉的影响  

The Influence of Motivation Direction and Intensity on Time Perception in Positive and Negative Emotions

作　　者：尹华站 白幼玲 刘思格 李丹[1,2] Yin Huazha;Bai Youling;Liu Sige;Li Dan(Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,410081;School of Education Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha,410081)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学认知与人类行为湖南省重点实验室,长沙410081 [2]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《心理科学》2021年第6期1313-1321,共9页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31671125);教育部人文社科基金青年项目(16XJC190002);湖南师范大学人才科研启动项目(2018RC3482)的资助。

摘　　要：以往研究没有在系统控制唤醒度和效价影响的基础上,探讨情绪动机强度和方向对时距知觉的影响。为此,实验1、2在控制了唤醒度和效价的前提下分别考察了积极情绪和消极情绪下高、低趋近动机强度对时距知觉的影响。实验3则在同时控制了效价和唤醒度的前提下考察了高趋近动机和高回避动机对时距知觉的影响。实验1发现,积极情绪状态下,趋近动机强度越高(欲求动机强度高于愉悦动机强度),知觉时距显著越短;实验2发现,消极情绪状态下,趋近动机强度越高(愤怒动机强度高于悲伤动机强度),知觉时距显著越短;实验3发现,消极情绪状态下,相对中性图片,短估高趋近动机图片的时距(愤怒图片),长估高回避动机图片(厌恶图片)的时距。这意味着趋近动机强度越高,知觉时距越短,且不受情绪效价调节;高回避动机相对高趋近动机会促使个体长估时距知觉。以上结果支持并拓展情绪动机维度模型。In daily life,the perception of time changes according to the individual’s emotion.For example,if the heart is sad,the day is like a year;If you are happy,time is fleeting.Studies have found that individuals overestimate the duration of negative high arousal stimuli,whereas underestimate the duration of positive low arousal stimuli.The above research mainly discusses the influence of emotion on time perception from the perspective of value and arousal.Later,based on the breakthrough of emotional dimension theory(value and arousal),researchers proposed a dimension model of emotional motivation.At present,although some researchers have explored the cognitive effect of emotional motivation intensity(or including direction),it is still unclear how emotional motivation dimensions(intensity and direction)affect temporal perception.Therefore,this study attempts to systematically explore the influence of the intensity and direction of emotional motivation on temporal perception,which not only lays a preliminary foundation for thoroughly revealing the mechanism of emotional influence on temporal processing,but also provides a reference for human beings to guide their daily practice by using the law of emotional timing.Experiments 1,2 and 3 were designed to investigate the effects of high and low approach motivation intensity and motivation direction on time perception in positive and negative emotions.In Experiment 1,we found that the higher the intensity of approaching motivation(the intensity of desire motivation was higher than that of pleasure motivation),the shorter the perceptual duration was.In Experiment 2,we found that the higher the intensity of approaching motivation(anger motivation intensity was higher than sadness motivation intensity),the shorter the perceptual duration was.In Experiment 3,we found that in the negative emotion state,we overestimated the duration of the pictures with high approaching motivation.This means that regardless of value,the higher the intensity of approach motivation,the shorter

关 键 词：时距知觉 积极情绪 消极情绪 动机强度 趋近动机 回避动机 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]