带陀螺型声子晶体的高速列车型材结构低频隔声性能探究  

Low-frequency Vibration Insulation Characteristics of High-speed Train Profiles with Gyroscopic Phononic Crystal

作　　者：张茜 刘卓昊 李承诚 肖新标[1] 王衡禹[1] ZHANG Xi;LIU Zhuohao;LI Chengcheng;XIAO Xinbiao;WANG Hengyu(State Key Laboratory of Traction Power,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《噪声与振动控制》2022年第1期220-226,共7页Noise and Vibration Control

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(U1934203);四川省科技计划资助项目(2020YJ0254);牵引动力国家重点实验室自主研究课题资助项目(2017TPL_T01)。

摘　　要：针对高速列车地板型材结构低频段振动噪声问题,基于局域共振机理,设计一种新型的陀螺声子晶体结构。首先基于有限元方法,建立陀螺型声子晶体单元模型,计算得到单胞的能带结构,结合其振动模态,分析108 Hz~153 Hz弯曲波带隙和129 Hz~153 Hz完全带隙的形成机理,并探究结构参数对带隙特性的影响。然后建立周期排布的陀螺型声子晶体型材板件模型,计算在垂向单位均布力激励下陀螺型声子晶体型材板的振动传递损失,最后结合参考铝型材结构,探究陀螺型声子晶体结构对于隔声效果的影响。研究表明:增大元胞边长和基体板厚,带隙特性有向低频段、窄带隙的发展趋势;增加头环高度,带隙特性有低频拓宽的趋势;而增加弹性连接件高度,对带隙特性无明显影响。在弯曲波带隙范围108 Hz~153 Hz内,有限声子晶体板结构的振动传递损失相比通带范围较明显的提高,且在110 Hz以下频段对于参考铝型材隔声效果有一定的改善。Low frequency vibration and noise problem of high-speed train floor profile structure was studied,a new type of gyroscopic phononic crystal structure based on the local resonant mechanism was designed.Based on the finite element method,the gyroscopic phononic crystal element model was established,and the energy band structure of the unit cell was calculated.The formation mechanisms of flexural wave band gap in 108 Hz-153 Hz and complete band gap in 129 Hz-153 Hz were analyzed combined with the vibration modals,and the effect of structure parameters on band gap characteristics was explored.Then,the profile plate model with periodically distributed gyroscopic phononic crystal was established.The vibration transmission loss of the profile plate with gyroscopic phononic crystal under vertical uniform force excitation was calculated.Finally,the effect of gyroscopic phononic crystal structure on sound insulation effect was explored referring to aluminum profile structure.The results show that:the band gap characteristics have a tendency to develop towards low frequency and narrow band gap sides with the increase of the cell edge length and substrate thickness.The band gap characteristics tend to be widened at low frequencies with the increase of head ring height.There is no obvious effect on band gap characteristics by increasing the elastic connector height.Within the band gap range of flexural wave between 108 Hz-153 Hz,the vibration transmission loss of the finite phononic crystal plate structure is significantly higher than that of the pass band,and the sound insulation effect of the reference aluminum profile is somewhat improved in the frequency band below 110 Hz.

关 键 词：声学 高速列车 铝型材 声子晶体 带隙特性 隔声性能 

分 类 号：U271.91[机械工程—车辆工程]