论理学工夫的本质  

On the Essence of Neo-Confucian Concept of Gongfu

作　　者：沈顺福[1] Shen Shunfu(The Advanced Institute for Confucian Studies,Shandong University,Weihai 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学易学与中国古代哲学研究中心暨儒学高等研究院,济南250100

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期27-34,共8页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：2020年国家社科基金后期资助重点项目“传统儒家心灵哲学研究”(项目批准号:20FZXA005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：工夫或工夫论是宋明理学重要组成部分,工夫的中心任务是实现气质之心与绝对天理的统一。最重要的工夫是敬,敬以心理合一为分界线。合一之前的敬叫做未发之敬,合一之后的敬叫已发之敬。未发之敬,虚心以待天理,这便是涵养。已发之敬,便是不断地省察,从而巩固心理联盟。心理合一的工夫,又分别叫做笃信、立志、诚意等。敬而生信,在笃信活动中,人们将外在的天理转化为内在的道理,从而实现由外向内的转折。信以发志,在立志活动中,人们将对天理的认知转化为践行,从而实现由知向行的转折。这些转折活动,实质上是变化气质。诚意便是变化气质的工夫,诚意的内容是将不可靠的气质改变为可靠的气质,气质活动因此合理。人类行为因为符合天理而获得了合法性。心理合一的出现,标志着人类从自然性生存转化为超越性的生存。The notion of Gongfu is one of the most rudimental elements for Neo-Confucianism. The primary target of this act is to unite the material heart with the absolute Principle. The most important one is respect, which is divided into two proportions by the unity. One is called as a respect before occurrence, while the other is called as a respect after the occurrence. The respect before the occurrence requires one’s heart to be empty, ready for the entrance of the Principle. This is named Hanyang. The respect after the occurrence requires insistent self-examination, in order to consolidate the unity. The Gongfu uniting the heart and the Principle turns out to believe, to will, and to clearing one’s mind, and so forth. Respect brings with belief, by which, the external principle enters the inner heart, which is a transition from being external to be intrinsic. Belief is able to initiate one’s will, which is a transition from a cognition of the principle to action. Clearing one’s mind, actually speaking, is the change of one’s material heart, from being dangerous to be pure and rational. Actions based on this turns out to be rational. The occurrence of the unity is a watershed for human being, from which human being divorced from its natural being, and advanced into transcendent being. Gongfu is far more than being a means to improve one’s moral.

关 键 词：工夫 理学 心 理 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]