英、汉语空间量度词空间义的视角化研究  

A Study of Perspectivization in the Spatial Meanings of English and Chinese Spatial Dimensional Adjectives

作　　者：刘桂玲[1] LIU Gui-ling(School of Foreign Languages,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学外国语学院英语系,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《东北师大学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第2期69-74,110,共7页Journal of Northeast Normal University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目(20YJA740027)。

摘　　要：空间量度系统一直广受关注,以往研究聚焦空间量度系统、隐喻义及跨语言对比研究,忽略了英、汉空间量度形容词的空间多义性。英、汉空间量度形容词词义中包含类型、方向、维度含义,真实语料显示英、汉空间量度形容词在空间义类型、方向性和凸显维度数目方面都发生了泛化,因而呈现出多义性和丰富性:有些英、汉空间量度形容词兼表距离义、位置义和维度义;描述垂直方向无生物位置和量度的空间量度词参照面发生平移和旋转因而发生空间义泛化,但是垂直于参照面的方向特征得以保留,这说明方向特征在垂直维度中是核心特征;有些空间量度形容词描述维度数目发生泛化,兼表三维义、二维义和一维义,这是视角化差异造成的视点不同而形成的多义性。这三种类型的空间义泛化是通过视角和视点的切换,借助意象图式转换,根据语言使用者的交际需求产生的,体现了语言使用中的选择和主观性。Spatial dimensional adjectives(SDA)have attracted a lot of attention and previous studies focused on the spatial dimensional system,the metaphorical meanings of SDAs,and contrastive studies of SDAs in English and Chinese.However,the polysemy of the spatial meaning of SDAs has not been paid attention to.The meanings of spatial dimensional adjectives in English and Chinese contain such concepts as spatial types,directions,and dimensions,and corpus data show that there is generalization in the meaning type,directionality,and the dimension profiled in the use of English and Chinese SDAs,which leads to polysemy and variety in meaning.Some English and Chinese SDAs can express not only extension,but also distance and position.There is overgeneralization in the reference plane of the vertical dimension of inanimate things,which results in the translation and rotation of the reference plane where the vertical direction of the dimension remains unchanged,.There is also overgeneralization in the number of dimensions profiled by some English and Chinese SDAs that they can describe both three-dimensional meanings and one-and two-dimensional meanings,which results from the different vantage points with reference to the different perspectives,leading to multi-meanings.The three kinds of overgeneralizations in the spatial meanings of English and Chinese SDAs come from the change of perspective and vantage point,the transformation of image schema and the communicative needs of the language users,which illustrates the selection and subjectivity in language use.

关 键 词：空间量度词 空间义 英语 汉语 视角化 

分 类 号：H03[语言文字—语言学]