歧视知觉与农村留守青少年的孤独感:亲子分离年龄和分离时长的作用  

The Relationship between Perceived Discrimination and Left-behind Adolescent’s Loneliness:The Moderating Roles of Separation Age and Separation Duration

作　　者：张艺涵 张婷 赵景欣[1] ZHANG Yihan;ZHANG Ting;ZHAO Jingxin(School of Psychology,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014;Department of Preschool Education,Shijiazhuang Vocational and Technical Education School,Shijiazhuang 050899)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250014 [2]石家庄市职业技术教育中心学前教育系,石家庄050899

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2022年第1期90-99,共10页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划研究重点项目(20BJYJ02);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(2R2020MC219);教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目(17J2D058)。

摘　　要：以1177名农村留守青少年为被试(包括394名双亲外出青少年和783名父亲外出青少年),考察其歧视知觉和孤独感之间的关系,并检验亲子分离年龄和分离时长在其中的调节作用。结果发现:(1)双亲外出青少年的歧视知觉水平显著高于父亲外出青少年,留守男生的孤独感显著高于女生;(2)歧视知觉能够显著正向预测留守青少年的孤独感,且对双亲外出青少年孤独感的预测作用强于父亲外出青少年;(3)与亲子分离年龄较大相比,在亲子分离年龄较小的情况下,歧视知觉对双亲外出青少年孤独感的预测作用更强;与亲子分离时间较长的青少年相比,在亲子分离时间较短的情况下,歧视知觉对两类留守青少年孤独感的预测作用更高;(4)亲子分离时长对歧视知觉与父亲外出青少年孤独感之间关系的调节作用因亲子分离年龄不同而有所差异。A total of 1177 left-behind adolescents were recruited from five middle schools in Shandong province,including 394 adolescents from two-parent-migrant families and 783 adolescents from father-migrant families.These adolescents completed self-report scales on investigating relationships between perceived discrimination and loneliness,examining the moderating roles of separation age and separation duration the relationships.Results indicated that:(1)The adolescents from the two-parent-migrant families showed a significantly higher level of perceived discrimination than the adolescents from the father-migrant families,and the level of boy’s loneliness was higher than girls;(2)Perceived discrimination significantly positively predicted left-behind adolescents’s loneliness,especially for adolescents from two-parent-migrant families;(3)Perceived discrimination significantly predicted loneliness of adolescents from two-parent-migrant families when those adolescents separated from their parents at a younger age;Perceived discrimination strongly predicted left-behind adolescents’s loneliness,especially for adolescents with shorter separation duration;(4)Separation duration moderated the relationship between perceived discrimination and adolescents’s loneliness in father-migrated families,and the moderating effect varied according to the separation age.

关 键 词：留守青少年 歧视知觉 亲子分离年龄 亲子分离时长 孤独感 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学]