二苏、朱熹养气观比较及当代价值阐发——从《延平答问》朱熹评二苏谈起  

A Comparison of Su Brothers’and Zhu Xi’s Views on Yangqi and Imterpretations of Their Contemporary Values——From Zhu Xi’s Comment on Su Brothers in Yanpingdawen

作　　者：赵晓梅 ZHAO Xiao-mei(School of Marxism,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院大学马克思主义学院,北京102488

出　　处：《太原理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期51-58,共8页Journal of Taiyuan University of Technology(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：孟子知言养气说主张通过道德修养形成浩然之气,使人具有高尚的品格和凛然的精神状态,且以此为自身言辞端美和明辨错误言辞的前提。这一思想被后世继承发展,也引发不少争议。朱熹在《延平答问》中评价苏轼和苏辙"说养气处,皆颠倒了",关键原因是双方就何为本体认识不同。二苏和朱熹在宋代"人与天地参"的思想环境中,结合各自身份和经历对孟子养气说作出阐释,就气的性质和养气路径达成共识,但就气的地位、阐发路径和养气目的发生分歧。其中,文气和理气两种阐释路径影响深远,阐释中的合理成分对当代作家创作与读者审美、公民道德建设与社会风气培育有借鉴意义。Mencius,in his theory of Zhiyan Yangqi,advocates the formation of noble spirit through moral cultivation,with which people can have noble characters and awe-inspiring mental states,with the noble spirit as the prerequisite for their decorous and beautiful words and identification of wrong arguments.This thought is inherited and developed by later generations,and it also causes many controversies.In Yanpingdawen,Zhu Xi comments that Su Shi and Su Zhe are“reversed wherever they talk about Yangqi”.The key reason of Zhu’s comment is that they have different views on what substance is.In the ideological environment of“correspondence between man and universe”in Song Dynasty,based on their individual identities and experiences,Su Brothers and Zhu Xi reinterpret Mencius’theory of Yangqi and reach consensus on the nature of Qi and realization paths of Yangqi,while they have different perceptions of the status,interpretation paths,and purpose of Yangqi.Among their interpretations,the two paths of Wenqi and Liqi have far-reaching influence,and reasonable elements in their views have reference significance for contemporary writers’creation and readers’aesthetic appreciation,as well as the construction of citizens’morality and the cultivation of social atmosphere.

关 键 词：《延平答问》 孟子 苏轼 苏辙 朱熹 养气 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]