董仲舒的《春秋》书法正变  

Positive Examples and Variations of Dong Zhongshu’s Shufa about the Spring and Autumn Annals

作　　者：赵友林[1] ZHAO You-lin(School of Literature,Liaocheng University,Liaocheng 252000,China)

机构地区：[1]聊城大学文学院,山东聊城252000

出　　处：《聊城大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期41-53,共13页Journal of Liaocheng University:Social Science Edition

摘　　要：《春秋》书法既有正例,也有变例。董仲舒明确了书法正例的存在,并指出了其形式特点,补充、构建了书法正例,促使了《春秋》书法的条例化。《春秋》书法有常辞正例,但没有通辞达例,因为事物总是被置于特定情境中的,也是经由王心裁量的,因此书法是经常变化的;而随着王道的渐次实现,书法也逐渐消弥了因事物的内外亲疏等的不同而引起的变化。《春秋》书法的变化导致了其辞与事、与义的疏离,对此董仲舒提出了"见其指者,不任其辞"等解读方式,使得《春秋》书法具有很强的张力,对义旨的揭示具有很大的灵活性。董仲舒的这种书法变化理论为其意义的自由灌注提供了依据,也使得《春秋》学者可以不断地阐发出符合当下的微言大义。There are both positive examples and variations in the Shufa of the spring and Autumn Annals.Dong Zhongshu made clear the existence of positive examples of Shufa,pointed out its formal characteristics,supplemented and constructed positive examples of Shufay,and promoted the regulation of Shufa in spring and autumn.There are regular examples of Shufa in the spring and Autumn Annals,but there are no general examples,because things are always placed in a specific situation and determined by the king’s mind,so Shufa is often in change.With the gradual realization of kingcraft,Shufa has gradually eliminated the changes caused by the differences between inside and outside things.The changes in the Shufa of the spring and Autumn Annals have led to the alienation between diction and events and meaning.For this,Dong Zhongshu put forward various interpretation methods such as"seeing what it means,not letting it say",which makes the Shufa of the spring and Autumn Annals have a strong tension and great flexibility in revealing the meaning.Dong Zhongshu’s theory of Shufa change provides a basis for the free infusion of its meaning,and also enables scholars to constantly expound the meaning in line with the current situation.

关 键 词：董仲舒 书法 正例 变例 

分 类 号：B21[哲学宗教—中国哲学]