分布式形态学框架下汉语[XN]型名词结构的性质再探  

Revisiting the Syntactic Status of Mandarin[XN]Combinations under the Theory of Distributed Morphology

作　　者：杨大然 程工[2] YANG Daran;CHENG Gong(Hangzhou Normal University;不详)

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学外国语学院 [2]浙江大学外国语言文化与国际交流学院

出　　处：《当代语言学》2022年第1期1-18,共18页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“生物语言学视域下汉语宏事件编码的形态句法研究”(20BYY163)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文从不同[XN]型偏正名词结构的语义和句法特征人手,提出此类结构的内部不同质,可进一步细分为三个于类,它们与偏正型“的”字词组和单语素词在语义组合性和意义固化度上形成一个连续统。在此基础上,本文依据分布式形态学理论,为连续统中的各个子类提出了不同的句法构造,并得出两方面的规律:一是句法构造中包含的语段数量依次递减,其送往百科表解读的次数逐渐减少;二是句法构造中标志语成分的结构复杂度依次降低。这两方面的差异既决定了它们的结构紧密度依次增强,语义透明度依次减弱,同时也可以解释它们在形容词排序、复杂成分替换、副词修饰以及指称语回指等方面表现出的一系列差别。How to define a word in Mandarin Chinese has been a central research topic among scholars working on Chinese morphology.But until today no consensus about the definition of a word in Mandarin has been reached since it seems to be difficult to make a clear-cut distinction between morphemes and words as well as between words and phrases in Mandarin.Within this topic,one of the most formidable categories to deal with is the[XN]-type nominal combination in which N is the nominal head and X is a modifier of N,which may accommodate different syntactic categories.This paper attempts to carry out a new analysis of the syntactic status of[XN]-type nominal combination in Mandarin.We argue that[XN]in Mandarin can be classified into three subtypes,namely,subtypes A,B and C,according to their semantic and syntactic properties.These subtypes,together with[X de N]and monomorphemic nouns,form a continuum in terms of their semantic transparency and degree of conventionalization.Based on the theory of Distributed Morphology(DM),we propose different syntactic configurations for different subtypes of these nominal combinations in the continuum.What differentiates these syntactic configurations lies in two aspects.One is that the number of phases that can be spelled out in the syntactic configurations decreases progressively,leading to a gradual reduction in the number of times they are sent to Encyclopedia for semantic interpretation.The other is that there is a decreasing tendency in the structural complexity of their specifiers.The specifier of[X de N],such as bai de zhi‘white paper’,is the most complex,with deP taking up this position.The less complex one is the specifier of the subtype A,such as baizhi‘white paper’,which is held by the combination of a root and its categorizer.The even less complex one is subtype B,represented by baicai‘cabbage’,which has only a root in its specifier.The least complex is the configuration of subtype C,represented by honghua‘safflower’,which comprises a combination of two roots an

关 键 词：[XN]型名词结构 分布式形态学 连续统 语段 百科表 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]