除文盲、作新民:平教会文艺教育构想与实践  

Eliminating Illiteracy and Becoming a New People:Program and Practice of Literary and Art Education of Chinese National Association of the Mass Education

作　　者：王平[1,2] 胡景敏[1] WANG Ping;HU Jingmin(College of Chinese Language and Literature,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050024,China;Publicity Department of Party Committee,Hebei Normal University,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050024,China)

机构地区：[1]河北师范大学文学院,河北石家庄050024 [2]河北师范大学党委宣传部,河北石家庄050024

出　　处：《河北师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2022年第2期60-69,共10页Journal of Hebei Normal University(Educational Science)

基　　金：河北省博士研究生创新资助项目“定县农民文艺实验与20世纪中国乡村文艺运动”(CXZZBS2020064);河北省社会科学基金项目“二十世纪三四十年代华北乡村文艺运动研究”(HB21ZW013)。

摘　　要：1926-1936年,中华平民教育促进总会以定县为“华北实验区”,以“除文盲、作新民”为总目标,以文艺教育为各类教育之首,推行了为期十年的平民教育实验。一则以文艺作为介绍传播知识的工具,二则研究并创造为大多数民众所需要的平民文艺,力图创制一个可供全国效仿的新民教育方案。平教会文艺教育实验取得显著成效,一是践行了接受美学,找到了农民文艺教育的“不二法门”;二是注入了现代性生机,农民精神面貌为之一新;三是接续了“五四”传统,文艺大众化从口号走向现实。平教会文艺教育实验是一件史无前例的创举,其兼顾“农民需要”和“农民能接受”的文艺教育原则,至今仍有深度介入乡村振兴历史的可能。平教会文艺教育实验的局限在于回避了政治,它本质上是改良的而非革新的,它的教育目标和农民接受文艺的预期目标发生了错位。From 1926 to 1936,choosing Ting Hsien as the“North China Experimental District,”Chinese National Association of the Mass Education(CNAME)carried out a decade⁃long mass education experiment with the general goal of“eliminating illiteracy and becoming a new people,”with literary and art education as the first of various kinds of education.To create a mass education program that can be emulated by the whole country,CNAME took literature and art as a tool to introduce and disseminate knowledge,at the same time,they studied and created mass literature and art needed by the majority of the people.Remarkable results had been achieved in the experiment of literary and art education.Firstly,they practiced reception aesthetics and found a way for the literary and artistic education of farmer.Secondly,it has injected the vitality of modernity and changed the mental outlook of farmers.Thirdly,they carried forward the tradition of the May 4th Movement,and brought the popularization of literature and art to reality from slogan.The experiment of literary and art education is an unprecedented initiative.It is still possible for its educational principle,i.e.,giving consideration to both“farmers’needs”and“farmers’acceptability,”to be used in Rural Revitalization.The limitation of the experiment lies in its avoiding politics.It is essentially an improvement rather than an innovation,and its educational goal is misaligned with the expected goal of farmers’acceptance of literature and art.

关 键 词：平教会 定县 文艺教育 新民 文艺大众化 

分 类 号：G519[文化科学—教育学]