论创造性心智及其培养--基于杜威实用主义教育哲学视角  

On Creative Mind and Its Development:Based on John Dewey’s Perspective of Educational Philosophy of Pragmatism

作　　者：朱镜人[1,2,3] ZHU Jingren(University Student Quality Education Research Center,Anhui Xinhua University,Hefei 230088,China;Teachers’Education College,Hefei Normal University,Hefei 230061,China;Institute of Higher Education,Anhui University,Hefei 230039,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽新华学院大学生素质教育研究中心,合肥230088 [2]合肥师范学院教师教育学院,合肥230061 [3]安徽大学高等教育研究所,合肥230039

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2022年第2期109-116,共8页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：安徽省高校人文社会科学重点研究基地重点项目“国外地方性大学通识教育研究”(SK2019A0747)。

摘　　要：创造性心智是一种在其活动中真正具有生产性的心智。创造性心智活动是独立的和具有首创性的活动。创造性心智是与生俱来的,但环境和教育可以促进也可以抑制其发展,现代学校依然存在阻碍创造性心智发展的力量。在现代社会,学校教育应当有意识地将培养学生创造性心智作为任务或目标。培养学生的创造性心智需要在两个方面努力:一是培养学生的批判勇气和能力;二是培养学生的哲学思维能力和个性。杜威的相关论述带有明显的实用主义教育哲学特点,不过,我们依然可以从中获得5点启示:环境是孕育创造性心智的重要因素;在学校教育中,即便在高等学校,培养创造性心智不是要求学生“创造”出什么崭新的理论和物品,而是要培养学生思考和大声说出自己想法的勇气;培养创造性心智应当着力于培养学生的批判和辨别能力;个性是创造性心智生长的土壤,没有个性便没有创造性;应当注重培养学生的哲学思维能力。Creative mind is a truly productive mind in its activities.Its activities are independent and initiative.Creative mind is innate,but the environment and education can promote or inhibit its development.There are still forces hindering the development of creative mind in modern schools.In modern society,school education should consciously take cultivating students’creative mind as its task or goal.Cultivating students’creative mind requires efforts in two aspects:one is to cultivate students’critical courage and ability;the second is to cultivate students’philosophical thinking ability and personality.Dewey’s related ideas have obvious characteristics of pragmatism educational philosophy.However,five pieces of enlightenment can be obtained:the environment is an important factor for cultivating creative mind;in the school education,even in colleges and universities,cultivating creative mind does not require students to really“create”new theories and objects in school,but to cultivate students’courage to think and speak out their ideas loudly;cultivating creative mind should focus on cultivating students’ability of criticism and discrimination;personality is the soil for the growth of creative mind.Without personality,there is no creativity;the attention should be paid to cultivating students’philosophical thinking ability.

关 键 词：创造性心智 辨别力 哲学思维 人才培养 

分 类 号：G40-09[文化科学—教育学原理]