不同施药因素和采摘标准对茶叶中联苯菊酯残留量的影响  

Effects of Different Pesticide Application Methods and Picking Standards on the Residue of Bifenthrin in Tea Leaves

作　　者：刘瑜 何卫中[1] 卢健 骆耀平[2] LIU Yu;HE Weizhong;LU Jian;LUO Yaoping(Lishui Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Lishui 323000,China;Tea Research Institute,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China;Agricultural Technology Promotion Center of Yuhang District of Hangzhou City,Hangzhou 311100,China)

机构地区：[1]丽水市农林科学研究院,浙江丽水323000 [2]浙江大学茶叶研究所,浙江杭州310058 [3]杭州市余杭区农业技术推广中心,浙江杭州311100

出　　处：《茶叶通讯》2022年第1期73-79,共7页Journal of Tea Communication

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-19)。

摘　　要：为明确茶园施药因素与采摘标准对茶叶中联苯菊酯残留量的影响,本试验设2种施药浓度、2种施液量、2种施药方向和4种采摘标准,探讨不同处理下茶叶中的联苯菊酯残留量。结果表明,施药浓度增加使农残含量显著提高,推荐浓度施药7 d后采摘一芽三叶农残符合安全标准。联苯菊酯施液量增加使初始残留量显著提高,但其影响效果弱于施药浓度。叶背面施药由于枝干阻挡,叶片上的农药初始残留量仅为1.71±0.07 mg/kg,远低于正面施药处理。将药液均匀涂抹于叶片正面或背面,初始残留量分别为2.86±0.12mg/kg和6.20±0.27 mg/kg;7 d后的农残降解率分别为58.74%和59.68%。使用推荐浓度施药3 d后采摘单芽或一芽一叶均符合安全标准,而喷施加倍浓度的药液7 d后采摘一芽一叶仍有农残超标风险。严格按照推荐浓度施药、均匀适量施药与提高采摘嫩度均能有效降低茶叶中联苯菊酯残留量。In order to clarify the influence of pesticide application methods and picking standards on the residues of bifenthrin in tea,including 2 application concentrations,2 application volumes,2 application directions and 4 picking standards were studied to detect the residues of bifenthrin in tea under different treatments.The results showed that the amount of pesticide residues increased significantly with the increase of application concentration.Seven days after the application of recommended pesticide concentration,the pesticide residues in shoots with one bud and three leaves could meet the safety standard.After 7 d of double concentration application,the pesticide residues in shoots with one bud and three leaves exceeded the safety standard.The initial residue of bifenthrin significantly increased with the increase of the application volume,but the effect was weaker than that of bifenthrin concentration.In case of abaxial side spraying,the initial pesticide residue was only 1.71±0.07 mg/kg due to the blocking of branches,which was much lower than adaxial side spraying.When the bifenthrin solution was homogeneously spread on the abaxial or adaxial side of leaves,the initial residues were 2.86±0.12 mg/kg and 6.20±0.27 mg/kg,respectively,and the degradation rates of pesticide residues were 58.74% and 59.68% on the 7th and third day after the recommended concentration was used,while the bud tea or one bud and one leaf could meet the safety standard.However,spraying double concentration of bifenthrin,picking one bud and one leaf after 7 d still has the risk of pesticide residues exceeding the safety standard.The residues of bifenthrin in tea could be significantly reduced by strictly applying according to the recommended concentration,evenly applying and improving the picking tenderness.

关 键 词：茶叶 联苯菊酯 农残 施药浓度 施液量 施药方向 采摘标准 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]