百年中国教育立法的演进——以教育主权和受教育权的双重变奏为主线  

The Evolution of Chinese Education Legislation in the Past 100 Years——The Dual Variation of Educational Sovereignty and the Right to Education as the Main Line

作　　者：高利红[1] Gao Lihong

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学法学院,武汉430073

出　　处：《新文科教育研究》2022年第1期33-58,142,共27页NEW LIBERAL ARTS EDUCATION RESEARCH

基　　金：中南财经政法大学2018年度中央高校教育教学改革专项重点课题“一流学科建设要求下的法学TEC课程再造”;中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(编号:2722022DG003)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：中国共产党领导的教育立法经历了三个阶段。1949年之前,教育主权渐次确立,立法保护受教育权,初步形成了教育法律体系,将受教育权确立为宪法性权利,由政府提供义务教育,教育法律的国家意志突出,公法特征鲜明。1949至1976年间,在经历了全面接管、院系调整、改造教育内容等之后,国家全面收回教育主权,法律规定国家为保障公民的受教育权提供物质、师资等基础性资源,教育法律先立后废,政策主导下的教育治理体现了公权至上、服务政治的特征。1977年后建立了国家和学校二元权力学位授予制度,法律赋予了受教者更多的教育内容、教育形式选择自由,比较全面地构筑了保护教育平等的法律制度体系,教育立法表现为公权主导、私法生长,整体服务国家战略。在教育全球化的背景下,我国适度节制教育管理权,深化保障受教育权。在积极参与教育国际治理之际,维护本国的传统文化和教育主权始终是主题之一。Legislation on education under the Communist Party of China went through three stages. Before 1949, educational sovereignty was gradually established, and legislation was enacted to protect the right to education. Besides, a preliminary educational legal system has taken shape with the right to education being established as a constitutional right, and the government providing compulsory education. Education laws highlight the state will and features public law. From 1949 to 1976, the state experienced a comprehensive takeover, restructuring of faculties and departments, transformation of education content, and fully recovered education sovereignty, the law provided for the state to supply material, teachers and other basic resources to guarantee the citizens’ right to education. Education laws were first established and abolished then. The policyled education governance embodies the characteristics of public power supremacy and serving politics, and the dual power degree awarding system of state and school was established after 1977, and the law gave more freedom of choice of educational contents and forms to the learners, with a more comprehensive legal system for education equality being constructed. The education legislation features the dominance of public power and the combination of private law, and serves the national strategy as a whole. In the context of globalization of education, educational sovereignty shall be appropriately conceded and the protection of the right to education be deepened. And it has always been one of the themes to preserve the country’s traditional culture and educational sovereignty in the context of active participation in the international governance of education.

关 键 词：教育立法 教育主权 受教育权 

分 类 号：D922.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]