高速列车轴箱轴承载荷分布测试研究Ⅰ:轴承座开槽方案仿真分析  

Research on the load distribution measurement of high-speed train axlebox bearing.Part Ⅰ:simulation analysis of the notching method of bearing housing

作　　者：周高伟 李桂莲 陈鹏[2] 侯宇 王曦[2] ZHOU Gaowei;LI Guilian;CHEN Peng;HOU Yu;WANG Xi(CRRC Academy Corporation Limited,Beijing 100070,China;School of Mechanical,Electronic and Control Engineering,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]中车工业研究院有限公司,北京100070 [2]北京交通大学机械与电子控制工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《实验力学》2022年第1期18-26,共9页Journal of Experimental Mechanics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委-中国铁路总公司高速铁路基础研究联合基金重点支持项目(U1834202)资助。

摘　　要：轴承滚子和滚道间的接触载荷是决定轴承性能的重要力学参数。为了在不改变轴承本身构造及运动行为的前提下,测试得到高速列车轴箱轴承内部接触载荷分布情况,本文采用了一种基于轴承座开槽改造及轴承外圈应变测试的电测实验力学方法。本文研究了应用该方法进行高速列车轴箱轴承载荷分布测试时,不同的轴承座开槽改造方案对测试效果的影响。通过有限元模型,仿真分析了轴承座轴向开槽和环向开槽方案对轴承内部载荷分布的影响以及不同槽口尺寸对轴承外表面应变响应的影响。研究结果表明:两种开槽方案均可实现对高速列车轴箱轴承载荷分布的识别,而且不会改变轴承内部原有的载荷分布。开槽尺寸会显著影响轴承外表面的应变响应。具体实际测试中开槽方案及开槽尺寸的选择需根据轴箱轴承及其轴承座结构特点、应变片的尺寸等因素确定。The contact load between roller and raceway is an important mechanical parameter to determine the bearing performance.On the premise of not changing the structure and motion behavior of the bearing,in order to measure the load distribution within the axlebox bearing of high-speed trains,an electrical experimental measurement technique is adopted in this paper.This method is based on the notching of the bearing housing and the strain test of the outer ring of the bearing.The influence of the notching scheme of the bearing housing on the test result is studied in this paper.By establishing the finite element model,the effects of axial notching and circumferential notching on the internal load distribution of the bearing and the effects of different notch sizes on the strain response of the outer surface of the bearing are simulated and analyzed.The results show that the two notching schemes can identify the load distribution of axlebox bearing of high-speed train,and will not change the original load distribution in the bearing.The notch size will significantly affect the strain response of the outer surface of the bearing.In the actual test,the selection of notching scheme and notching size shall be determined according to the structural characteristics of axlebox bearing and its housing,the size of strain gauge and other factors.

关 键 词：高速列车 轴箱轴承 载荷分布测试 轴承座改造 开槽方式 

分 类 号：TH133.33[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] U271.91[机械工程—车辆工程]