“赤根菜”与“■■■”——韩语中的汉语借词研究之一  

Chìgēncài(赤根菜)and[si-kim-tc^(h)i](■■■)——One of the Studies of Chinese Loanwords in Korean

作　　者：汪维辉[1] 具民惠 WANG Wei-hui;GOO Minhye(Center for Studies of History of Chinese Language,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学汉语史研究中心,杭州310058

出　　处：《语言研究》2022年第1期116-125,共10页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“汉语词汇通史”(14ZDB093);国家社科基金重大项目“基于大型语料库的汉语弱组构性历时演变与语言演变规律研究”(18ZDA292);国家社科基金重大项目“大语言视域中汉语修辞与词汇、语法互动研究”(20&ZD298);教育部重点研究基地重大项目“汉语基本词汇历史演变研究”(16JJD740015)。

摘　　要："菠菜"作为一个外来物种,大约在唐代经由尼泊尔传入中国,后来约在元代又传入朝鲜半岛。文章立足于历史文献及前人的研究,简述"菠菜"的来源及其在汉语中的名称,重点考察其中的一个别名"赤根菜",认为它在元代以后是一个北方方言词,传入朝鲜半岛后即成为音译的汉语借詞,现代韩语叫"■■■[si-kim-tc^(h)i]",就是"赤根菜"的音转。文章详细论证了此词在韩语中的音转过程。韩语中保留了大量的汉语借词,如能逐个考明它们是何时从何地借入韩语的,将会对汉语史和韩语史的研究有重要意义。这些借词跟汉语原词的音义对应关系复杂多样,需要逐个进行扎实的个案研究,若有音变,则需阐明其音变之理。文章讨论的"赤根菜"和"■■■"就是音变关系十分复杂的一个个案,希望能为同类研究提供一些借鉴。As an exotic plant species,Spinach was introduced into China through Nepal in the Tang(唐)Dynasty,after that,it came to the Korean Peninsula during the Yuan(元)Dynasty.Based on historical literature and previous research,this paper briefly describes the origin of Spinach and its name in Chinese.Focus on one of the nicknames chìgēncài(赤根菜),and believes that it is a northern dialect word after the Yuan(元)Dynasty,which has become a transliterated Chinese loanword after it was introduced into the Korean.The modern Korean word[si-kim-tc^(h)i](■■■)means Spinach,and it is called[si-kim-tc^(h)i](■■■)is the transliteration of chìgēncài(赤根菜).This paper demonstrates the phonetic transcription conversion process of this word in Korean.Korean retains a lot of Chinese loanwords.If we can find out that Chinese loanwords of Korean were borrowed from Chinese,which period and area,it will be of great significance to the study of Chinese history and Korean history.The phonetic and semantic correspondence between these loanwords and Chinese original words is complex and diverse,and case studies need to be carried out one by one.If there is a change in sound,the reason of the change in sound needs to be clarified.This paper discusses chìgēncài(赤根菜)and[si-kim-tc^(h)i](■■■)as a complicated case of phonological variation,hopes to provide some reference for similar studies.

关 键 词：汉语词汇史 韩语 借词 “菠菜” “赤根菜” “■■■” 

分 类 号：H55[语言文字]