天问一号着陆器EDL过程建模与仿真  

Tianwen-1 Lander Entry, Descent and Landing Modeling and Simulation

作　　者：陈正 崔祜涛[1] 田阳[1] 黄翔宇[2] CHEN Zheng;CUI Hu-tao;TIAN Yang;HUANG Xiang-yu(Deep Space Exploration Research Center,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;Beijing Institute of Control Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工业大学深空探测基础研究中心,哈尔滨150001 [2]北京控制工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《宇航学报》2022年第1期91-102,共12页Journal of Astronautics

基　　金：民用航天预先研究项目;国家自然科学基金(U20B2001)。

摘　　要：针对天问一号着陆器的进入、下降与着陆(EDL)过程,考虑伞降动态特性,建立包含大底与背罩分离过程的EDL全过程高保真仿真模型。对着陆器跨越高超声速到亚声速的飞行过程,特别是伞降过程中降落伞、着陆器、大底、背罩的相互作用进行建模,建立了着陆器六自由度刚体动力学模型、降落伞-着陆器(背罩)组合体模型、大底(背罩)-着陆器组合体模型。结合着陆器、降落伞的力学环境模型以及大气进入与着陆过程的制导策略,构建了着陆器EDL全过程的仿真模型。通过弹道仿真分析了天问一号着陆器在进入与着陆过程中的动态特性,仿真结果表明,飞行轨迹与天问一号着陆器的真实飞行结果具有较高的一致性,验证了模型的准确性。Aiming at the entry,descent and landing(EDL)operations of Tianwen-1 lander,a high-fidelity simulation model of the EDL sequence including the separation of the heatshield and the backshell is established,taking into account the dynamic characteristics of the parachute.For the flight process of the lander from hypersonic to subsonic,especially the interaction between parachute,lander,heatshield and backshell during the parachute descent phase,the dynamics are modeled which include 6-DOF dynamic model of the lander,the parachute/lander(backshell)system model,and the heatshield(backshell)/lander system model.Combining the mechanical environment model of the lander and the parachute as well as the guidance strategy for entry and landing sequence,a simulation model of the EDL sequence is constructed.A detailed analysis of the dynamic characteristics of the lander during Mars entry and landing is presented with the trajectory simulation of the EDL sequence of Tianwen-1 lander.Compared with the flight trajectory of Tianwen-1 lander,the trajectory is highly consistent,verifying the accuracy of the model.

关 键 词：天问一号着陆器 进入、下降与着陆 动力学建模 

分 类 号：V412.41[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]