学生还是雇员:博士生身份的跨国比较与启示  

Student or Employee:A Cross-country Comparative Analysis of the Identity of Doctoral Students

作　　者：沈文钦[1] 王世岳 卞翠 SHEN Wen-qin;WANG Shi-yue;BIAN Cui(Graduate School of Education,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Institute of Education,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China;Research Institute for International&Comparative Education,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871 [2]南京大学教育研究院,江苏南京210093 [3]上海师范大学国际与比较教育研究院,上海200234

出　　处：《高等教育研究》2021年第12期92-100,共9页Journal of Higher Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目(17CGL072);全国教育科学“十三五”规划课题(DIA190401)。

摘　　要：当前,博士生的身份定位存在欧洲模式与美国模式的差别。在欧洲,许多博士生与高校、企业等机构签订劳动合同,他们被视为雇员,接受机构的资助;在美国,尽管大量博士生担任了助研、助教,但仍被视为学生。赋予博士生雇员身份,能够保障博士生的基本权利,提升博士生参与科研工作的积极性,但雇员身份会提高博士生的培养成本,改变博士生与导师、高校之间的关系属性,因而是否赋予博士生雇员身份在美国仍处于争论之中。At present,there exists a difference in the identity positioning of doctoral students between the European mode and the American mode.In Europe,many doctoral students sign labor contracts with institutions such as universities and enterprises.In the United States,a large number of doctoral students are still considered students,although they have served as research assistants and teaching assistants.The employee status of doctoral students can protect their basic rights and promote their enthusiasm in scientific research.However,the status of employee will increase the cost of cultivating doctoral students and change the relationship among doctoral students,supervisors and universities that explains why to identify doctoral students as employees in America is still in dispute.

关 键 词：博士生培养模式 身份定位 雇员身份 

分 类 号：G643[文化科学—高等教育学] G649.1[文化科学—教育学]