北京市359户社区居民冰箱使用习惯调查  

Investigation on the refrigerator usage habits of 359 community residents in Beijing

作　　者：张鹏航 张晓嫒[1] 刘玉竹 牛彦麟 姜金茹 陈倩[1] 马晓晨[1] ZHANG Peng-hang;ZHANG Xiao-ai;LIU Yu-zhu;NIU Yan-lin;JIANG Jin-ru;CHEN Qian;MA Xiao-chen(Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心,100013

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2021年第6期363-366,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划(编号:2017YFC1601502)。

摘　　要：目的 了解北京市社区居民冰箱使用习惯,为开展有针对性的食品安全健康教育提供依据。方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,选择北京市3个城区和2个郊区,每个区随机选择2~3个社区作为调查点,在选中的社区内随机抽取30户家庭作为本次研究对象。采用问卷调查了解居民家庭冰箱使用的卫生习惯,现场评估冰箱冷藏室内食物储存空间、实际温度以及是否存在异味,采用描述性统计方法对数据进行分析。结果 调查获得359户家庭的有效数据,有效率99.72%。水果、鸡蛋和熟食在冷藏室保存的做法正确的比例分别为75.21%、90.81%和93.59%。冰箱冷藏室清洗频率≥1次/月的家庭占57.10%,能够正确进行冰箱内部清洗的家庭占80.22%;现场评估发现冷藏室存放食物超过容积3/4的占80.22%,冰箱中存在异味的占10.86%,冷藏室温度>8℃的家庭占17.27%。不同地区、家庭人口数和家庭月收入分别在清洗冰箱的频次、食物摆放方式、食品储存空间和是否存在异味方面存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论 家庭冰箱冷藏室中食物保存习惯总体较好,但也存在生熟食物混放的情况,大多数居民家庭冰箱内存放食物过满,冷藏室温度高,应加强冰箱使用卫生知识的宣教,正确储存食品,预防食源性疾病的发生。Objective To understand the refrigerator usage habits of community residents in Beijing and provide a basis for carrying out targeted food safety and health education.Methods A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used.Three urban districts and two suburbs in Beijing were selected,and 2-3 communities in each district were randomly selected as survey points.30 families in the selected communities were randomly selected as the subjects of this study.A questionnaire survey was used to understand the hygiene habits of household refrigerators,the food storage space in the refrigerator,the actual temperature,and the presence of peculiar smells were assessed on-site,and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistical method.Results The survey obtained valid data from 359 households,with an effective rate of 99.72%.The percentages of correct practices for keeping fruits,eggs and cooked food in the refrigerator were 75.21%,90.81% and 93.59%,respectively.The frequency of refrigerator freezer cleaning ≥1 time/month was found in 57.10%,and 80.22% of the households were able to clean the interior of the refrigerator correctly;the on-site assessment found that 80.22% of the households stored food more than 3/4 of the volume of the refrigerator,10.86% of household refrigerators had an odor,and 17.27% of household refrigerators freezer temperature were over 8 ℃.Significant differences(P<0.05) were found in the frequency of cleaning the refrigerator,food arrangement,food storage space,and the presence of odor by region,household size,and monthly household income,respectively.Conclusions The food preservation habits in the refrigerator freezer of household refrigerators are generally good,but there is also a mixed of raw and cooked foods.Most household refrigerators store foods too full and the refrigerator freezer temperature is high.Education on the hygiene of refrigerator use should be strengthened to store food correctly and prevent food-borne diseases.

关 键 词：社区居民家庭 冰箱 使用习惯 北京 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]