“师道”流变考略  

A Study of the Evolution of“Shi Dao”

作　　者：黄启兵[1] HUANG Qi-bing(School of Education,Soochow University,Suzhou Jiangsu 215123,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学教育学院,江苏苏州215123

出　　处：《教师发展研究》2022年第1期100-109,共10页Teacher Development Research

基　　金：国家社科基金教育学一般项目“大学教师生命时间结构研究”(BIA200163)。

摘　　要：我国历史上,春秋前有“道”有“师”,春秋战国时期各“道”各“师”,但先秦时期并无“师道”合称。汉朝开始出现“师道”,其意多为学问上的师承关系。魏晋南北朝至盛唐时期,“师道”不兴。中唐时期韩愈强调的“师道”是指“师”与“道”的合一,“师”代表“道”,“师”要“传道”,即儒家学说中尧、舜以来至孔、孟的圣人之道。由韩愈倡导的“师道”之说兴盛于宋朝。元、明、清时期,“师道”沉浮。晚清时期,“师”与“道”渐分,民国时期“师”与“道”彻底分离。新中国成立后,“师道”含义变得多元。“师道”流变体现了中国政治变迁中的“治统”与“道统”的关系,也可帮助我们理解中国历史上教师地位的浮沉和师生关系的变化。In the history of China,there existed“Dao”and“Shi”before the Spring and Autumn Period.In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period,each had its own“Dao”and“Shi”,but there was no common term of“Shi Dao”in the pre-Qin Dynasty period.The term of“Shi Dao”began to appear in the Han Dynasty,which mostly meant the relationship between teachers and students in learning.From the Wei,Jin,Northern and Southern Dynasties to the prosperous Tang Dynasty,“Shi Dao”was not popular.“Shi Dao”,emphasized by Han Yu in the mid-Tang Dynasty,referred to the unity of“Shi”and“Dao”,and“Shi”stood for“Dao”.A“teacher”should“preach”,that is,the way of the sages from Yao and Shun to Confucius and Mencius in Confucianism.The theory of“Shi Dao”advocated by Han Yu flourished in the Song Dynasty.In the Yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties,“Shi Dao”went up and down.In the late Qing Dynasty,“Shi”and“Dao”were gradually separated.During the period of the Republic of China,“Shi”and“Dao”were completely separated.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the meaning of“Shi Dao”became diverse.The evolution of“Shi Dao”reflects the relationship between“political orthodoxy”and“Confucian orthodoxy”in China’s political changes,and also helps us understand the ups and downs of teachers’status and the changes in the relationship between teachers and students in Chinese history.

关 键 词：师道 师承 师范 治统 道统 

分 类 号：G451.6[文化科学—教育学]