不同基质及配比对大球盖菇生长和营养成分的影响  

Effects of Different Substrates and Proportions on Growth and Nutritional Components of Stropharia rugoso-annulata

作　　者：刘炼 赵宁[1] 林茂 黎瑞君[3] 孙长青[3] 张朝君[1] 陈之林[1] 文林宏[1] 谭国飞 李裕荣 LIU Lian;ZHAO Ning;LIN Mao;LI Ruijun;SUN Changqing;ZHANG Chaojun;CHEN Zhilin;WEN Linhong;TAN Guofei;LI Yurong(Guizhou Institute of Horticulture,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guizhou Institute of Integrated Agricultural Development,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006;Guizhou Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology Information,Guiyang,Guizhou 550006,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省园艺研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省现代农业发展研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [3]贵州省农业科技信息研究所,贵州贵阳550006

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2022年第3期61-67,共7页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技计划项目“薏仁秸秆种植大球盖菇配套技术研究”[黔科合支撑(2019)2339];贵阳市科技计划项目“贵阳市蔬菜种质资源研究中心建设”[筑科合同(2021)5-1];贵阳市科技计划项目“大球盖菇贮运保鲜关键技术集成及应用”[筑科合同(2020)18-3];贵州省科技计划项目“贵州石山区佛手瓜套种春白菜种植模式研究与示范”[黔科合支撑(2021)一般211]。

摘　　要：【目的】探明基质及其组合配比对大球盖菇生长和营养成分的影响,为贵州及类似地区大球盖菇栽培提供参考。【方法】以农作物废料薏仁秸秆、蔗渣、谷壳、竹屑及玉米芯等作为栽培基质,采用随机区组试验研究基质9个不同配比组合对大球盖菇菌丝长势、产量、营养成分及经济效益的影响。【结果】含薏仁秸秆、竹屑和100%谷壳的处理其菌丝长势较强,出菇时间较短,为99~102 d,产量高于其他处理,为8.87~10.21 kg/小区;经济效益均超过6600元/667m^(2),也高于其他处理。不同基质能显著影响不同营养成分的含量,多基质组合能增加大球盖菇营养成分,竹屑+玉米芯能增加大球盖菇粗蛋白质含量;蔗渣+谷壳能增加碳水化合物含量,玉米芯+薏仁秸秆/谷壳混合能增加氨基酸含量。【结论】薏仁秸秆、竹屑和谷壳3种培养料是贵州地区种植大球盖菇的优良基质原料,较适用于贵州及类似地区大球盖菇栽培的单独配方为竹屑、薏仁秸秆和谷壳,组合配方为75%薏仁秸秆+25%谷壳和75%竹屑+25%谷壳。【Objective】In order to provide a reference for the cultivation of Stropharia rugoso-annulata in Guizhou area and other similar areas,the effects of substrates and their combined proportion on the growth and nutritional component of S.rugoso-annulata are explored.【Method】Taking agricultural wastes(coix straw,bagasse,rice hull,bamboo chips and corncob)as cultivation substrate,the effects of nine different combinations on the mycelium growth,yield,nutritional component and economic benefits of S.rugoso-annulata are studied by the random block experiment.【Result】The treatments containing coix straw,bamboo chips and 100% rice hull have stronger mycelium growth vigor.Moreover,the fruiting time,yield and economic benefit are shorter,higher and higher than those of other treatments,respectively 99~102 d,8.87~10.21 kg/plot and 6600 Yuan/667m^(2).Different substrates can affect the content of different nutritional component significantly,and multi-substrate combinations can increase the nutritional component of S.rugoso-annulata.Bamboo chips+corncob treatment can increase the crude protein content;Bagasse+rice hull treatment can improve the carbohydrate content,and corncob+coix straw/rice hull treatments can improve the amino acid content.【Conclusion】Coix straw,bamboo chips and rice hull are excellent substrate materials for cultivating S.rugoso-annulata in Guizhou area.Separate formula(bamboo chips,coix straw and rice hull)and combined formula(75% coix straw+25% rice hull and 75% bamboo chips+25% rice hull)are suitable for the cultivation of S.rugoso-annulata in Guizhou and parallel regions.

关 键 词：大球盖菇 基质 菌丝长势 产量 营养成分 

分 类 号：S646.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]