刑事审判交叉询问规则的实践反思  

Practical Rethinking on Cross-examination Rules in Criminal Trial

作　　者：李锟[1] Li Kun

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学刑事法学院

出　　处：《地方立法研究》2022年第2期112-124,共13页Local Legislation Journal

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中国特色刑事证据理论体系研究”(18ZDA139);陕西省教育厅专项科研计划项目“基于区块链技术的电子数据取证规则研究”(20JK0398);西北政法大学教育教学改革研究项目(XJYB202104)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：我国刑事法庭询问制度存在规范烦冗、效力不明、核心规则缺位等问题,控辩双方难以有效质询人证,无益于发挥法庭在诉权保障和事实发现中的作用。交叉询问规则具有评价证据和认定事实之功效,是实现有效质证权的制度载体,与发现案件真相、职权主义传统并不冲突。结合“三项规程”试点探索、地方立法实践及域外立法经验可知,我国法庭询问应建基于“控辩对抗”格局之上,进而明晰交叉询问的定位、顺序和范围,有限度地确立诱导性发问规则。诱导性发问是引导发问的工具,围绕事实问题展开,受基础事实真实性、证人认知能力和发问内容相关度的约束。直接询问中的诱导发问可用于核实证人基本信息、反驳不诚信证人及唤醒证人记忆。There are many problems in the cross-examination rules of criminal court in China, such as complicated regulations, unclear level of effectiveness, absence of core system, etc. It is difficult for both sides of the prosecution and defense to effectively interrogate witnesses, which is useless for the court to play its role in the protection of litigation right and fact discovery. Cross-examination is the guarantee to realize the right of effective examination of evidence, and has the function of evaluating evidence and derermining facts, which is in accordance with the tradition of disclosing litigation truth and authority doctrine. Under the background of “three procedures” reform, China should clarify the order, scope and authority of cross-examination on the basis of the pattern of court inquiry of “accusation-defense confrontation”. The misleading questions in cross-examination should be based on the truth of basic facts, the ability of witnesses to understand, and factual questions. The misleading questions in direct questioning can be used for verifying the basic information of witnesses, questioning dishonest witnesses and refreshing memory.

关 键 词：交叉询问 诱导性发问 证据调查 控辩对抗 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]