委托评估背景下教育风险分担的“锁定”现象分析  

An Analysis of the "Lock-in" Phenomenon of Educational Risk Sharing under the Background of Outsourcing Evaluation

作　　者：孙阳春[1] 张瑶[1] SUN Yangchun;ZHANG Yao(Dalian University of Technology,Dalian Liaoning 116024)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学高等教育研究院,辽宁大连116024

出　　处：《现代教育管理》2022年第1期53-59,共7页Modern Education Management

基　　金：全国教育科学规划2017年国家一般课题“管办评分离体制下第三方教育评估的道德风险防范研究”(BIA170163)。

摘　　要：教育风险治理是实现教育改革的重要一步,需要克服、规避与防范道德风险问题。教育委托评估中,第三方教育评估机构为了维护自己的利益将评估中出现的道德风险后果"转嫁"给政府,并持续为道德风险行为寻找机会。第三方教育评估机构将自身的道德风险行为转嫁给政府的原因是认知局限、报酬递增和惩罚厌恶,而政府被动接受风险转嫁的原因则是被锁定于"投入的不可回收、未来收益的潜在损失、合作伙伴的切换成本"。破解委托评估中的风险转嫁困境,政府要建立有效的风险分担机制、合理的成本分担机制,第三方机构要破除惯性思维依赖、建立核心竞争力。这样,才能降低第三方教育评估机构对政府的"锁定"程度,主动规避道德风险行为的发生,进而促进管办评三方的良性互动。Educational risk management is an important step to realize education reform, which needs to prevent and overcome moral hazard. In the outsourcing evaluation of education, the third sectors of education evaluation“transfer”the risk to the government and continue to look for opportunities for moral hazard behaviors for the sake of maintaining their own interests. The reasons of transferring risk to the government by the third sectors of education evaluation are cognitive limitations, increasing returns and punishment aversion. On the other hand, the reasons that governments are locked in the transferring risk by the third sectors of education evaluation are the unrecoverable input, the potential loss of future earnings, and the switching cost of partners. The solutions of solving the dilemma of risk transfer include three aspects. Firstly, the government should establish effective risk sharing mechanism. Secondly, the governments should establish the reasonable cost sharing mechanism. Finally, the third sectors of education evaluation should break the dependence of conventional thinking and establish their own core competitiveness. Only in this way can the third sectors of education evaluation reduce the extent of“locking in and transferring”to the government, actively avoid the occurrence of moral hazard, and promote the benign interaction among the government, universities and the third sectors of education evaluation.

关 键 词：委托评估 风险分担 锁定效应 转嫁 第三方教育评估机构 

分 类 号：G40-058.1[文化科学—教育学原理] G646[文化科学—教育学]