天赋德性与人文化成——孟荀天人之学比较  

The Virtue Endowed by Tian(天)and the Harmony Achieved by Man-made Efforts——Comparison Between Mencius and Xunzi’s Theory of Tian( 天 ) and Man

作　　者：郑治文 Zheng Zhiwen(Confucius Institute of Culture,Qufu Normal University)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学孔子文化研究院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《孔子研究》2022年第1期85-96,158,共13页Confucius Studies

基　　金：山东省泰山学者工程、山东省济宁市尼山学者工程、山东省社会科学规划研究项目“儒学事件研究”(项目编号:20CWTJ14);曲阜师范大学儒家文明省部共建协同创新中心项目“君子人格及其教育涵养研究”(项目编号:2021RXTD001)之阶段性成果。

摘　　要：天人之学是儒家的重要论域,而孟荀之说正好代表了其"究天人之际"的两种基本路向。孟子讲"仁,人心也",又讲此"心"为"天之所与我者",以心性点化仁学,打通天道与心性,证立了儒家道德境界的天人合一精神,表现了儒家内在超越的精神特质,这是从仁学进路发展了孔子天人之学中道德之天的思想,完善了其天人合德的道德理想精神。荀子讲"积礼义而为君子""礼义之谓治",将成德成治寄望于"人"(礼)而非"天",确立了一种以天人之分、天生人成为核心内容的新型天人观念,彰显了儒家人文化成的理性精神,这是从礼学进路发展了孔子天人之学中自然之天的思想,深化了其所倡导的"人能弘道"的人文理性精神。The study of Tian(天)and Man is an important field of Confucianism,the theories of Mencius and Xunzi just represent two basic directions of"exploring the relationship between Tian(天)and man".Mencius said that"benevolence is also the heart of the people",and this"heart"is"given to me by talent".He enlightened the theory of benevolence with the nature of the heart,opened up the relationship between Tian(天)and heart,confirmed and established the spirit of the unity of heaven and man in the Confucian moral realm,and expressed the spiritual characteristics of Confucianism’s internal transcendence.He develops Confucius’idea of Tian(天)on the moral level and improves his ideal spirit of harmony between Tian(天)and man.Xunzi talked about"accumulating etiquette and righteousness to become a gentleman"and"etiquette and righteousness is governance".He placed his hope on"people"(etiquette)rather than"Tian(天)",established a new concept of Tian(天)and man with the"distinction between Tian(天)and man"and"Man is made by nature"as the core content.He demonstrated the rational spirit of humanization of Confucianism,which developed the thought of nature in Confucius’theory of Tian(天)and man from the approach of etiquette,and he also deepens the humanistic rational spirit of"people can promote the Tao".

关 键 词：孟子 荀子 天人之学 天赋德性 人文化成 

分 类 号：B222.6[哲学宗教—中国哲学]