“V满”类主宾互易句语义功能比较及对汉语教学的启示  

Comparison and Enlightenment of the Differences in Semantic Functions of Subject-Object Displacement Sentences of“V-man”Structure

作　　者：韩超 刘桂林 Han Chao;Liu Guilin(School of Foreign Languages,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学外国语学院

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第2期144-156,共13页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“汉藏语言非典型宾语的类型学比较研究”(18YJC740019);北京理工大学2020年“研究生教育培养综合改革项目”阶段性成果之一。

摘　　要：在汉语“V满”类句式中,表达“使成义”的B式(形如“N_(物)+V满(了)+N_(器)”),较表达“存在义”的A式(形如“N_(器)+V满(了)+N_(物)”),在构成主宾互易句式的自由度上会受到更多限制。B式呈现“使成义”兼具“动态义”的特点,其所凸显的“使成义”因动名语义关系和动词前容物名词生命度高低的不同而呈现强弱差异,而A式属存在句式,不凸显“使成义”;B式中动词“动态”特征有强有弱,“动态”特征强和较强的动词主要是位移动词和附着动词,B式属于一类弱动结式,而A式并不凸显“动态义”。从空间域的“位移致使”出发阐释B式语义的认知基础,有助于将“V满”类主宾互易句语义功能置于较为统一的框架下进行考察与识解,进而能为汉语教学特别是国际中文教学中相关句式的教学设计提供有效参考和启示。This paper focuses on the sentence structure and semantic function of the subject-object displacement sentence of the“V-man”structure,and pointed out that the freedom of subject-object displacement can be more limited in the B-type structure which express“causation and accomplishment”than the A-type structure which express“existence”.It also emphasized that the B-style presents the characteristics of both“causation and accomplishment”and“dynamic meaning of action”.This paper finds that the prominent meaning of“causation and accomplishment”of B-style can be affected by two aspects which include differences in the semantic relationship between the verb and nouns and the“animacy hierarchy”of nouns,thus differences in prominent meanings’strength is shown.A-type belongs to the existential sentence pattern and does not highlight this meaning characteristics,which this paper pointed out shows strong or weak extent of the meaning in the B-type structure.This paper also discovers that the verbs with strong and less strong“dynamic meaning”features are mainly moving verbs and attached verbs.B-type structure belongs to weak resultatives.Besides,A-type semantics does not highlight the“dynamic meaning”.Based on this,this paper believes that discovering the cognitive basis of the semantics of B-type sentence patterns with the“displacement-causation”of spatial cognition helps to explain the semantic functions differences of subject-object displacement sentences of“V-man”structure under a more unified researching framework,and further provides an effective reference for the teaching design of this type of sentences in international Chinese language teaching.

关 键 词：主宾互易句 句式语义 空间认知 动态义 句式教学 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]