我国幼儿园园长队伍建设现状、问题及其发展对策——基于城区、镇区、乡村比较的视角  

The Current Situation,Problems and Improvement of the Construction of Kindergarten Principal Team in China——Based on the Comparative Analysis between Urban,Town and Rural Areas

作　　者：曲正伟 Zhengwei Qu(Faculty of Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024 China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学教育学部,长春130024

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2022年第2期27-44,共18页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：教育部哲学社会科学研究重大课题攻关项目“我国高素质幼儿园园长队伍建设研究”(编号:16JZD050);吉林省哲学社会科学规划项目一般项目“吉林省民办幼儿园分类管理实施问题及对策研究”(编号:2020B135)。

摘　　要：园长作为学前教师队伍中的核心力量和关键少数,其队伍建设的质量直接决定着我国学前教师队伍建设的整体成效。对来自全国36个区县的城区、镇区、乡村样本的比较分析发现,与城区、镇区园长数量相对富余相比,乡村园长数量的实际缺口逐年扩大;园长的职称和学历越高,乡村、镇区所占比例越小,乡村园长中转岗人员比例相对较大;园长群体的职业认同感整体较高,但在工作状态、职业能力、专业发展方面存在显著的城区、镇区、乡村差异;城区园长更关注发展性职业管理制度,乡村园长更关注生存性职业管理制度;镇区园长中具有学前教育专业背景的比例明显低于乡村,同时其工作满意度明显低于城区园长,离职倾向则明显高于城区园长。中央与地方政府应根据当前我国园长队伍建设的现状,聚焦城区、镇区、乡村差异问题,从完善政策系统、精准瞄准问题、提升可行能力、形成开放整合的多元合力方面促进我国园长队伍持续高质量发展。With the leap-forward development of preschool education in China,the construction of kindergarten principal team has made considerable progress.But the construction of kindergarten principal team in different regions shows different problems.Based on the comparative analysis of urban,town and rural areas in 36 districts and counties in China,the results show that compared with the relative surplus of the number of urban garden heads,the actual gap of the number of rural garden heads is expanding year by year.There are significant differences in structural indicators among different regions,the higher the professional title and educational level,the smaller the relative proportion of rural and township kindergarten principals,and the larger the proportion of rural kindergarten principals who are transferred to other posts.The professional identity of kindergarten principals is high,but there are quality differences in working status,professional abilities and professional development among different regions.Urban kindergarten principals pay more attention to the professional development management system,while rural kindergarten principals pay more attention to the professional survival management system.Principals from town areas are relatively in disadvantages.We should focus on the differences between different regions according to the basic aspects of the construction of the team of kindergarten principals in different regions,and adjust and improve the policy of the construction of the team of kindergarten principals from the aspects of improving the policy system,accurately aiming at the problems,enhancing the feasible ability and integrating multiple forces.

关 键 词：幼儿园园长 教师质量 专业发展 

分 类 号：G617[文化科学—学前教育学]