气吸式马铃薯播种机一体式风机优化设计与试验  

Optimal Design and Experiment of Integrated Fan of Air Suction Potato Planter

作　　者：吕金庆[1] 朱明芳 竹筱歆 李季成[1] 苏文海[1] 刘中原[1] LÜ Jinqing;ZHU Mingfang;ZHU Xiaoxin;LI Jicheng;SU Wenhai;LIU Zhongyuan(College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2022年第3期80-90,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系岗位科学家专项(CARS-09-P23);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0700705)。

摘　　要：针对目前气吸式马铃薯播种机所需风机数量多、结构尺寸大、传动复杂等问题,优化设计了气吸式马铃薯播种机一体式风机。一体式风机的进气口、吹管出口分别与排种器的吸管接口、吹管接口相连,为排种作业提供取种负压、投种正压,实现一体式风机吹吸双作用。通过排种过程力学分析确定所需风压,并对风机内部流场进行数值模拟及运动学分析。采用旋转正交组合试验,以叶轮外径、叶片数、叶轮转速为试验因素,以进气口负压和吹管出口正压为试验指标,分析试验结果,优化风机装置的结构参数:叶轮外径为1099 mm、叶片数为10个、叶轮转速为2532 r/min时,进气口负压为11.6 kPa,吹管出口正压为3.7 kPa。对优化后一体式风机与双风机进行田间对比试验,分析结果得:优化后一体式风机作业重播指数降低了14.0%、漏播指数降低了17.0%、合格指数提高了0.92%,提高了马铃薯播种机作业质量。Aiming at the problems of large number of fans,large structure size and complicated transmission of the currently developed air suction potato planter,the integrated fan of the air suction potato planter was optimized.The main structure and working principle were explained,the required wind pressure was determined through mechanical analysis of the seeding process,and the numerical simulation and kinematics analysis of the internal flow field of the fan were carried out.Rotation orthogonal combination test was adopted,the outer diameter of the impeller,the number of blades,and the speed of the impeller were used as the test factors,and the negative pressure at the air inlet and the positive pressure at the blow pipe outlet were used as the test indicators.The test results were analyzed and the structural parameters of the fan device were optimized.When the outer diameter of the impeller was 1099 mm,the number of blades was 10,and the impeller speed was 2532 r/min,the negative pressure at the air inlet was 11.6 kPa,and the positive pressure at the blow pipe outlet was 3.7 kPa.The optimized integrated fan and the dual fan were compared in the field.The analysis results showed that the optimized integrated fan had an operating replay index of 2.34%,a missed broadcast index of 2.35%,and a pass index of 95.31%.Compared with the dual fan,the rear integrated fan operation replay index was decreased by 14.0%,the missed broadcast index was decreased by 17.0%,and the pass index was increased by 0.92%,which improved the operation quality of the potato planter.

关 键 词：马铃薯 气吸式播种机 离心风机 数值模拟 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]