明末清初西学东渐史上的《穷理学》  

Qiong Li Xue in the History of “Western Learning Spreading to the East” in the Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties

作　　者：肖朗[1] Xiao Lang(College of Education,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310058,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江大学教育学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2022年第2期110-127,共18页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

摘　　要：南怀仁编纂的《穷理学》在明末清初西学东渐史上具有重要的地位及意义,它所传入的学科知识体系基本上是南怀仁早年在欧洲耶稣会学校所学到的学科知识体系,主要包含亚里士多德的形式逻辑学、16—17世纪以欧几里得几何学为核心的西方数学以及各门自然科学技术知识。这种学科知识体系具有重视系统性、突出亚里士多德所阐述的形式逻辑的重要作用、强调数学乃一切科学技术的理论和应用基础等基本特征。把《穷理学》置于明末清初西学东渐的历史脉络和文化语境中进行考察,有助于揭示该书所传入的学科知识体系的基本特征及意义,对认识明末清初西学东渐跨文化交流所具有的某些特点也不无裨益。Qiong Li Xue compiled by F.Verbiest has an important position and significance in the history of “Western learning spreading to the East” in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties.The subject knowledge system it introduced was basically what F.Verbiest had learned at European Jesuits colleges in his early years,mainly including Aristotle’s formal logic,Western mathematics centered on Euclidean geometry in the 16-17th Century and various natural science and technology knowledge.This subject knowledge system has some basic characteristics,such as attaching importance to systematization,highlighting the role of formal logic expounded by Aristotle,and emphasizing mathematics as the theoretical and applied basis of all science and technology.Facing such an ancient civilization with long historical traditions and rich cultural accumulation like China,M.Ricci and other Jesuits coming to China in the late Ming Dynasty adopted and established the cross-cultural communication policy of “adaptive missionization”.However,the Ming Dynasty was declining at that time,and the above policy was later implemented as the strategy of“academic missionization”,which means introducing Western learning mainly through translation and other literal work,in order to win the favor of Chinese scholar-officials and achieve the purpose of missionization.In contrast,Jesuits such as J.A.S.von Bell and F.Verbiest came to China at the early Qing Dynasty when the new regime was in the ascendant.They no longer took winning over and persuading Chinese scholar-officials as their main task.Instead,they focused on directly providing secular services centered on science and technology for the Qing government,which made the strategy of “academic missionization” develop into “science and technology missionization”.In order to meet the needs of the establishment and development of the regime in the early Qing Dynasty,F.Verbiest served in the Qing government for many years,and participated in activities such as manufacturing astronomical

关 键 词：明末清初 西学东渐 南怀仁 《穷理学》 

分 类 号：B248[哲学宗教—中国哲学]