不同密度对适期晚播冬小麦产量形成与茎秆抗倒性能的影响  

Effects of Different Densities on Yield Formation and Stem Lodging Resistance of Late Sowing Winter Wheat

作　　者：南镇武 刘灵艳 高英波 徐杰[1] 王娜 代红翠 孟维伟[1] 王旭清[1] Nan Zhenwu;Liu Lingyan;Gao Yingbo;Xu Jie;Wang Na;Dai Hongcui;Meng Weiwei;Wang Xuqing(Crop Research Institute,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory of Wheat and Maize,Jinan250100,China;Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院作物研究所/小麦玉米国家工程实验室,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业科学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2022年第3期28-34,共7页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2020CXGC010805);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目(CXGC2021A07);小麦玉米国家工程实验室开放课题(2018LYZWS04);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0301003)。

摘　　要：为明确不同密度对晚播冬小麦产量形成和茎秆抗倒性能的影响,并为小麦高产稳产和抗逆应变栽培提供参考依据,本试验以济麦22为材料,设225万、300万、375万、450万、525万/hm^(2)基本苗5个种植密度,研究晚播条件下不同密度对冬小麦的群体变化、干物质分配、穗部性状、产量构成及茎秆重心高、机械强度及抗倒指数的影响,并分析产量形成与抗倒性能的相关性。结果表明:晚播条件下,冬小麦籽粒产量随种植密度的增加呈先升高后降低趋势,基本苗300万/hm^(2)处理产量最高,但与基本苗225万/hm^(2)和375万/hm^(2)差异不显著;冬小麦群体、穗长、不孕小穗数、株高及重心高随种植密度的增加呈增加趋势,成穗率、总小穗数、结实率、千粒重、穗粒数、茎秆机械强度及抗倒指数则随种植密度的增加而降低。不同密度处理冬小麦产量相关参数与茎秆抗倒性能的相关性分析发现,茎秆的重心高与成穗率、产量、千粒重及穗粒数均呈极显著负相关,与公顷穗数呈极显著正相关;茎秆机械强度及抗倒指数与成穗率、产量、千粒重及穗粒数呈显著或极显著正相关,与重心高及公顷穗数极显著负相关。由此可见,本试验条件下,冬小麦随着种植密度的增加表现出株高、穗长增加而穗粒数减少和茎弱、易倒的特点,晚播条件下该区域选择基本苗225万~300万/hm^(2)可有效降低冬小麦倒伏风险,促进抗逆稳产高产。To explore the effects of planting density on yield formation and stem lodging resistance of late sowing winter wheat,a field experiment was conducted with five densities of 2.25 million,3.00 million,3.75 million,4.50 million and 5.25 million basic seedlings per hectare with Jimai 22 as material.The population changes,dry matter distribution,ear traits,yield components,and center of gravity height,mechanical strength and lodging resistance index of stem were investigated under late sowing conditions,and the correlation between yield formation and lodging resistance was analyzed.The results showed that the grain yield of winter wheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of planting density under the conditions of late sowing.The treatment with planting density of 3.00 million basic seedlings per hectare obtained the highest yield,but there were no significant differences with the treatments with 2.25 million basic seedlings per hectare and 3.75 million basic seedlings per hectare.The population,spike length,sterile spikelets,plant height and center of gravity height of winter wheat increased with the increase of planting density,while the panicle rate,total spikelets,seed setting rate,thousand grain weight,grains per spike,stem mechanical strength and lodging resistance index showed decreasing trends.The correlation analysis between yield related parameters and stem lodging resistance of winter wheat under different density treatments showed that the center of gravity height of stem was extremely significantly negatively correlated with panicle rate,yield,thousand grain weight and grains per spike,and extremely significantly positively correlated with panicle number per hectare.The mechanical strength and lodging resistance index of stem were extremely significantly or significantly positively correlated with panicle rate,yield,thousand grain weight and grain number per panicle,and extremely significantly negatively correlated with center of gravity height and panicle number per hectare.Therefore,u

关 键 词：冬小麦 种植密度 晚播 产量 抗倒性能 

分 类 号：S352.3[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S512.110.1[农业科学—农艺学]