脱嵌与融入:杜波依斯对黑人问题的教育透视  

De-embedding and Integratig:Du Bois’Educational Perspective on Black American Problems

作　　者：邓磊[1,2] 梅倩[3] DENG Lei;MEI Qian(College of Teacher Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Teacher Virtue Cultivation Base,Southwest University,Ministry of Education,Chongqing 400715,China;Faculty of Education,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学教师教育学院,重庆400715 [2]教育部西南大学师德师风研究基地,重庆400715 [3]西南大学教育学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2022年第2期38-49,共12页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项基金项目“一带一路高等教育国别比较研究”(项目编号:SWU2019102)。

摘　　要：黑人问题造成美国社会分裂与对立。杜波依斯是美国历史上影响最广泛和持久的黑人知识分子,他终生致力于黑人解放运动,从教育的视角对美国社会问题作出了深刻分析。综观杜波依斯的经历和观点可以得知,教育的缺位和脱嵌既是黑人问题的外在表现,也是导致其难以根治的核心要素。殖民地时期和建国初期的奴隶主义教育政策,在源头上造成了黑人的不利处境;南北战争后黑人虽然逐渐获得了公民权利,但教育上却片面注重实利、鄙弃自由教育,与主流文化相偏离,以至于缺乏关键领域的参与性和话语权。杜波依斯指出黑人教育应把握融合主义原则,培养群体的“双重意识”,从而在提升社会地位的同时缓解社会冲突。杜波依斯一生致力于黑人解放事业,其教育思想具有总结性、启发性和普遍性,值得进行深入研究。The black problem caused turmoil in American society.According to Du Bois,the most important black intellectual in the 20th century,the absence and de-embedding of education is the root cause of the problem that has been difficult to solve for a long time.The slavery education policy during the colonial period and the early days of the founding of the People’s Republic of China determined the disadvantages of blacks at the source.After the Civil War,while gradually gained black civil rights,but the one-sided emphasis on education has real benefits,disdain general education knowledge,and deviates from the mainstream culture,so that lack of voice in key areas,difficult to upgrade the status of the population.Du Bois believes that in order to fundamentally solve the black problem,it is necessary to reconstruct black education so that it is committed to cultivating"dual consciousness"and moving toward"integrationism".But with privatization become the main trend of contemporary American education,educated black deintercalation increasingly serious phenomenon.Looking back at Du Bois can provide a deeper understanding of the root causes of black American problems and a deeper reflection on the nature of education.

关 键 词：杜波依斯 教育脱嵌 公共利益 

分 类 号：G40-011.8[文化科学—教育学原理] G40-712[文化科学—教育学]